Identify which type of study should be used in the following example: Determining which type of pain-relief medication has the most side effects O Experimental O Observational O Survey

An epidemiologist wants to evaluate the most effective method to teach the public about preventative health. They compare the following 3 treatments; posters with information about healthy habits, social media posts about healthy habits, and TV commercials suggesting healthy habits. Which of the following tests is appropriate for this study? a. Independent Measures t-test (between subjects) b. ANOVA c. Two-Factor ANOVA d. Repeated Measure t-test (within-subjects)

Taxi    Brand A    Brand B1    38,300    39,8002    37,700    38,1003    42,200    43,0004    42,300    41,6005    48,200    47,0006    36,100    40,4007    35,300    36,4008    44,600    45,900

Individual actions can play a large role in the overall health of our planet. A researcher interested in evaluating environment friendly behaviors evaluated how often people recycle (per month) based on whether they have an overall optimistic or an overall pessimistic attitude toward eco-friendly behaviors. The results from this hypothetical study are given in the table.  Test whether or not recycling behaviors differed between groups using a .05 level of significance. State the value of the test statistics and the decision to retain or reject the null hypothesis. Compute effect size using eta- squared (n^2). Pessimistic Optimistic 3 4 0 9 4 6 2 8 1 9 6 5 3 6 5 8 0 6 5 7

Below indicate whether the appropriate test would be an independent t-test, dependent t-test, One-way ANOVA, or z-test. A researcher wants to know if people find baby animals cuter than adult animals. All of the participants in a study are shown 10 pictures of baby animals and 10 pictures of adult animals. They are asked to rate (on a 1 to 10 scale) how cute they think each animal is.

Indicate the levels for which measures are being obtained in each type of study of the observational studies: cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies using the book of Robert H. Friis; Thomas Sellers.

Quality Style manufactures self-assembling furniture. Toreduce the cost of returned orders, the manager of its quality controldepartment inspects the fi nal packages each day using randomlyselected samples. Th e defects include wrong parts, missingconnection parts, parts with apparent painting problems, and partswith rough surfaces. Th e average defect rate is three per day.(a) Which type of control chart should be used? Construct acontrol chart with 3-sigma control limits.(b) Today the manager discovered nine defects. What doesthis mean?

Acne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.

Pap smears are a diagnostic test used to detect cervical cancer. Although the test has high specificity, it also has low sensitivity.  As a result, women have to be screened often.  Using the definitions of sensitivity and specificity, explain why increased frequency of screening is needed when sensitivity is low and specificity is high.

Identify the statistical procedures that are appropriate for the data.   Childhood participation in sports, cultural groups, and youth groups appears to be related to improved self-esteem for adolescents (McGee, Williams, Howden-Chapman, Martin & Kawachi, 2006) in a representative study, a researcher compares scores on a standardized self-esteem questionnaire for a sample of n = 100 adolescents with a history of group participation and a separate sample of n = 100 who have no history of group participation.