A study by Judge and Cable (2010) demonstrated a negative relationship between weight and income for a group of women professionals. A researcher would like to see if the results can be replicated, and performs the study on a group of 10 women selected by the same criteria as the previous study. To simplify the weight variable, the women are classified into five categories that measure actual weight relative to height, from 1 = thinnest to 5 = heaviest. Income figures are annual income (in thousands), rounded to the nearest $1,000.

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Q: Which of the following is a quantitative variable?

A: Quantitative variables take numerical values and represent some kind of measurements.

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.