A researcher obtained the following for the 95% confidence interval for Pearson's correlation. [-0.05, 0.72] For a sample size of 20, based on r=0.40 Choose the correct statement a) 95% of sample correlations will fall between -0.05 and 0.72. We can therefore conclude that the correlation in the population differs significantly from zero.   b) We are 95% confident that the correlation in the population is between -0.05 and 0.72. However this is based only on one sample and therefore it is inconclusive whether the population correlation differs significantly from zero.   c) We are 95% confident that the correlation in the population is between -.05 and 0.72.. We can therefore conclude that the correlation in the population does differ signifcantly from zero.   d) We are 95% confident that the correlation in the population is between -.05 and 0.72.. We can therefore conclude that the correlation in the population does not differ signifcantly from zero.

Assume that Pearson’s r equals -.43 (negative .43) for the relationship between years of heavy smoking and life expectancy. Given that this reflects a negative correlation, we can conclude that..  Select one: a. heavy smokers tend to have longer life expectancies b. heavy smokers tend to have shorter life expectancies c. smoking causes a decrease in life expectancy d. there is a negative cause effect relationship between smoking and life expectancy

A study finds a correlation coefficient of r = .52 and reports p < .05. The p value indicates which of the following? a. The correlation is negative. b. The correlation is unlikely to have come from a zero association population. c. The correlation is not statistically significant. d. The effect size is large. The answer is B. Why B is the answer and why others are wrong?   Which of the following means a study used a bivariate correlational design?a. The presence of measured variables b. The use of correlational statistics c. The inclusion of quantitative variables d. The depiction of a bar graph The answer is A. Why A is the answer and why others are wrong?

A correlation coefficient close to _____ indicates no relationship between the variables:     0.00     -1.00     1.00     0.50