A researcher interested in explaining the level of foreign reserves for the country of Barbados estimated the following multiple regression model using yearly data spanning the period 2001 to 2016: FR=a+BOIL+YEXP+8FDI Where FR = yearly foreign reserves (S000's), OIL = annual oil prices, EXP = yearly total exports (S000's) and FDI = annual foreign direct investment (S000°s). The sample of data was processed using MINITAB and the following is an extract of the output obtained: Predictor Coef StDev t-ratio p-value Constant 5491.38 2508.81 2.1888 0.0491 OIL 85.39 18.46 4.626 0.0006 EXP -377.08 112.19 0.0057 FDI -396.99 160.66 -2.471 S = 2.45 R-sq = 96.3% R-sq (adj) = 95.3% Analysis of Variance Source DF MS F Regression 1991.31 663.77 ?? Error 12 77.4 6.45 Total 15 a) What is dependent and independent variables? b) Fully write out the regression equation c) Fill in the missing values **', '**', '?’and ??' d) Hence test whether B is significant. Give reasons for your answer. e) Perform the F Test making sure to state the null and alternative hypothesis. f) Given an interpretation of the term "R-sq" and comment on its value.
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
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