a) Receptors (sensors) form the first part of the control mechanism. What is a receptor? Provide an explanation then give one example of where a receptor is found, explaining its role is in monitoring homeostasis. b) Draw a simple summary diagram displaying the different levels of organisation of the nervous system. Include bullet points under each level to describe the function of that part. The bullet points should specifically include details of the role of that part of nervous system in homeostasis.

In the discussion section the authors wrote “In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.”  a. Is the information in this quote about afferent of efferent?             b.By what word or words do you know that your answer to the question is correct?            c. Why did you choose this word or words as an answer to the question?

Name four types of glial cells in the Central Nervous System, and list a function for each of these cells: Type of glial cell Functions а. b. C. d. Name the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) glial cell that forms myelin: (0.5 points) Name the PNS glial cell that ssurrounds neuron cell bodies in ganglia:(0.5 points)

3) Neurons cannot respond during the absolute refractory period because: a) the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+ are reversed. b) the cell is below its normal resting membrane potential. c) voltage-gated Na+ channel activation gates are closed. d) voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gates are closed.

a) How does E allow faster transmission of signals?  b) What would happen if G has a lack of Calcium? c) Most neurons have the style of junction (chemical) shown in the diagram, rather than gap (electrical) junctions. Why does this make sense?

When a neuron fires an action potential, closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channels helps to bring an end to  _________. A) the depolarizing phase of the action potential B) the repolarizing phase of the action potential C) graded potential changes D) the resting potential E) vesicle fusion at the synapse

Draw a simple schematic of a neuron and label its parts. Where does “information” usually go in and through which structure is it passed on? Where is the action potential generated?

What is affected by the electrical signal sent by the third structure? (This will be the fourth structure in the arc.) Where is the cell body of the fourth structure located? What is affected by the electrical signal sent by the fourth structure? (This will be the fifth structure in the arc.) What does the fifth structure do in response to that electrical signal and how does this action protect you? Describe a situation where a reflex arc would be activated that is not described in your lesson. Assume that the reflex arc has five components to it. Please choose a reflex that involves a body part below the neck. (If you have trouble with this, do an internet search for information on reflex arcs.)

Fill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative concentration of K and Na 2. The relative voltage across the membrane 3. Any movement across the membrane of K and NA 4. The three kinds of channels in the membrane, and their state (open or closed) 5. Finally, indicate on the graph of the AP which phases correspond to hyper- polarization and which phases correspond to de- polarization Outside Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Outside 1 Outside Inside Inside

During the refractory period a) if a neuron reaches threshold the action potential goes to completion b) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential c) It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with an unusually strong stimulus d) The signal grows weaker with distance e) The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to threshold