A population of snails is at genetic equilibrium at a gene locus that controls coiling direction. The locus has two alleles (R and r). A genetic analysis revealed that 70% of the population's gametes carry the r Allele. What is the predicted frequency of genotypes in the population? R/R = 0.49, R/r = 0.42, r/r = 0.09 R/R = 0.16, R/r = 0.48, r/r = 0.36 there is not enough information R/R = 0.09, R/r = 0.42, r/r = 0.49 RR = 0.10, Rr = 0.20, rr = 0.70
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- A graduate student is studying a population of bluebonnets along aroadside. The plants in this population are genetically variable. Shecounts the seeds produced by each of 100 plants and measures the meanand variance of seed number. The variance is 20. Selecting one plant,the student takes cuttings from it and cultivates them in a greenhouse,eventually producing many genetically identical clones of the sameplant. She then transplants these clones into the roadside population,allows them to grow for one year, and then counts the seeds produced byeach of the cloned plants. The student finds that the variance in seednumber among these cloned plants is 5. From the phenotypic variancesof the genetically variable and the genetically identical plants, shecalculates the broad-sense heritability.A scientist is studying a wild population of Japanese morning glories. It is easy to separate genotypes at a flower color locus by their phenotypes. Red individuals are homozygous for the R allele, yellow individuals are homozygous for the Y allele, and orange individuals are heterozygous. If the number of individuals with the following genotypes are: RR: 831 RY: 33 YY: 442 Is the population in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?In a population of snails, a locus affecting shell color has 2 alleles. The D allele produces a dark shell, while the d allele produces a white shell. Heterozygote individuals (Dd) have a yellowish shell. In a sample of 150 snails, 47 snails have a white shell, and 12 have a yellow shell. What is the frequency of the D allele? Round your answer to the second decimal place (0.00)
- Snow geese (Chen caerulescens) come in two color types, white “snows” and “blues” with dark bodies. A single gene controls coloration, where the dark (“blue”) allele (D) is dominant. Researchers using genetic testing are able to determine the following numbers of individuals of each genotype in another population of geese: DD = 10576, Dd = 14503, dd = 4922. What is the actual frequency of allele D? Group of answer choices A.) 0.406 B.) 0.097 C.) 0.180 D.) 0.594Two chromosome inversions are commonly found in populations ofDrosophila pseudoobscura: Standard (ST) and Arrowhead (AR). Whenthe flies are treated with the insecticide DDT, the genotypes for theseinversions exhibit overdominance, with the following fitnesses:Genotype FitnessST/ST 0.47ST/AR 1AR/AR 0.62What will the frequencies of ST and AR be after equilibrium has beenreached?The sd gene causes a lethal disease of infancy in humanswhen homozygous. One in 100,000 newborns die eachyear of this disease. The mutation rate from Sd to sd is2 × 10−4. What must the fitness of the heterozygote be toexplain the observed gene frequency in view of the mutation rate? Assign a relative fitness of 1.0 to Sd /Sd homozygotes. Assume that the population is at equilibriumwith respect to the frequency of sd.
- Snow geese (Chen caerulescens) come in two color types, white “snows” and “blues” with dark bodies. A single gene controls coloration, where the dark (“blue”) allele (D) is dominant. Researchers using genetic testing are able to determine the following numbers of individuals of each genotype in another population of geese: DD = 10576, Dd = 14503, dd = 4922. What is the actual frequency of genotype DD? A.) 0.483 B.) 0.164 C.) 0.352 D.) 0.734A population has the following gametic frequencies attwo loci: AB = 0.4, Ab = 0.1, aB = 0.1, and ab = 0.4. Ifthe population is allowed to mate at random until linkage equilibrium is achieved, what will be the expectedfrequency of individuals that are heterozygous at bothloci?Entomologists at the New York State Department of Agriculture are interested in determiningthe connection between pest insects infesting crop plants with populations of the same insect-infesting native plants in natural habitats. Long-term trapping and monitoring studies have estimated that on average 3% of the populations move between habitats (farm to natural and vis versa) each generation. A new insecticide resistance allele (∆K) has begun to increase in frequency in agricultural populations. A genotyping survey at this locus of 50 individuals in each population has revealed the following genotype counts:4a. Based on the effects of migration alone, what will the frequency of ∆K be in the forestpopulation in the next generation? 4b. If migration was acting in here without selection, what would the frequency of ΔK be in the agricultural population in the next generation? 4c. If the natural forest population was substantially larger than the agricultural population, how might…
- Calculate N+1 for this non-continuously reproducing population of weird bugs that live on a planet far far away. Hint: No = 1000. x (days) 0-100 101- 292 293- 320 321- 365 mx 1000 0.0 668 0.3 159 9.3 0 0.0 NOTE: Round to the whole number = For non-overlapping or non-continuously reproducing populations, Ro X and X = N+1/NeSmall population size causes genetic drift because ofchance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much geneticdrift occurs for a given population size using binomialsampling statistics. With a population of size N, wecan estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency(p) in the next generation will be withinthe confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√p(1 − p)2N ),where p(1 − p)2Nis an estimate of the statistical variancein allele frequencies from one generation to the nextwith random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 100,000?b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 10?c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related tothe consequences of a population bottleneck?How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? In a population where the females have the allelic frequencies A = 0.35 and a = 0.65 and the frequencies for males are A = 0.1 and a = 0.9, how many generations will it take to reach HardyWeinberg equilibrium for both the allelic and the genotypic frequencies? Assume random mating and show the allelic and genotypic frequencies for each generation.