A polluting firm dumps waste into the ocean during production. The loss in value due to damaging the fish stock is valued at $100,000 (you can think of this as lost profits for fishing firms). The firm could eliminate the pollution at a cost of $60,000 a year. Choose the statement that describes the expected efficient outcome if the polluting firm has property rights over the ocean. The firm continues to pollute The polluting firm pays the $60,000 to eliminate pollution The fishing firms pay the $60,000 to eliminate pollution
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- wo firms, A and B, each currently dump 50 tonnes of chemicals into the local river. The government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each tonne of pollution dumped into the river. It costs Firm A $100 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs Firm B $50 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. The government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. Government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. What is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are NOT allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other, and what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms ARE allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? A. $4500; $2500 B. $3000; $1500 C. $4500; $3500 D. $4500; $4000warten population manghe ecosystem's Carrying capacity? 6. We have the following data for Demand Price and Costs for our product. Quantity Demand Price Costs 300 100 $21.63 $35.35 $5040.00 $2347.67 500 $17.25 $7481.67 1000 $12.70 $12469.67 1500 $10.26 $16196.00 We have reason to believe that the Demand Price is a power (exponential) function of some kind. Our Cost function is close to linear, but we expect, from some market analysis, that it is in fact quadratic. Approximate this data with a Demand Price function and a Cost function. Explain how confident you are; that is, how much error do you think is reasonable in this type of scenario? 区Assume the firm has historical emissions of 10 units of carbon and the government regulator gives the firm 7 permits to pollute. Each permit allows 1 unit of pollution.
- The following data refers to the number of logging operations working in a stretch of tropical rainforest per week. Excluding externalities, the private cost of a logging operation is $25 thousand per week. Logs sell for $1 a piece. Fill in the chart below. # of operations total harvest average harvest average revenue marginal harvest marginal revenue marginal profit 0 0 1 40 2 75 3 105 4 130 5 150 6 165 7 175 8 180 What is the number of logging operations in the forest that maximizes total profit? How much total resource rent is generated at this level of harvest? With open access to the forest, how many folks will wind up logging? With open access, will there be any resource rent earned by the loggers? Suppose the total externalities associated with deforestation could be valued at $10,000 per operation. What is the efficient number of operators? What is the open…stion 10 « < Questi 4 points Marginal Cost to Eliminate (Dollars) Firm First Unit Second Unit Third Unit Fourth Unit A 54 67 82 107 57 68 86 108 54 66 82 107 D 62 73 91 111 The table shows the marginal costs for each of four firms (A, B, C, and D) to eliminate units of pollution from their production processes. For example, for Firm A to eliminate one unit of pollution, it would cost $54, and for Firm A to eliminate a second unit of pollution it would cost an additional If the government wanted to reduce pollution from 16 units to exactly 8 units, which of the following fees per unit of pollution would achieve that goal? 70 O 85 O 87 O 80cap-and-trade and windfall profitsA city called Seoul is suffering from high concentrations of mercury in the air, caused by burningcoal in power plants. There are two of these plants close to the city. The city’s mayor wants touse cap-and-trade to reduce emissions to a reportedly “safe” level of 60 tons. The two firms havethe following marginal benefits of emissions: MB1 = 100 – 2e1, MB2 = 25 – 0.5e2.a. How much mercury will each firm emit? What allowance price will prevail in themarket?Firm 2 hires a smart lobbyist who convinces the government that its profits are relatively low andthat it therefore deserves a generous allowance allocation. The government agrees and allocatesa1 = 20 allowances to firm 1 (for free) and a2 = 40 allowances to firm 2 (for free).b. What are the firms’ profits? Do any of the firms earn windfall profits? [Hint: compareprofits with and without regulation.] Windfall profits have been sharply criticized by consumer advocacy groups and politicians.c. What can…
- ADJ Enterprises produces hydrothermocorticoids. The table below shows the costs of producing various quantities of hydrothermocorticoids. Quantity Total Cost Average Cost 0 $0 -- 1 $10 $10.00 2 $12 $6.00 3 $15 $5.00 4 $19 $4.75 5 $24 $4.80 6 $30 $5.00 7 $45 $6.43 ADJ sells its hydrothermocorticoids for $5 each (that is the price regardless of the number of hydrothermocorticoids it sells). Use the Profit-Maximizing Rule to explain the quantity that ADJ should produce to maximize its profits. You may use a calculator. You should explain the details of any calculation you perform. You should identify, explain, and apply the concept you use to answer this question. To receive full credit, your explanation must show all steps in any calculations you perform. Your explanation must also incorporate the profit-maximizing rule – state what that rule is and explain how it applies to ADJ’s situation. Note that it is…Consider a lake found in the village of Sturbridge, and then answer the questions that follow. The village has a campground whose visitors use the lake for recreation. The village also has a fish cannery that dumps industrial waste into the lake. This pollutes the lake and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the fish cannery's waste decreases the campground's economic profit. Only typed answerThe figure below shows the demand curve for a U.S. farmer for irrigating his land. It costs $100 per acre to irrigate the land. Each acre of land irrigation generates salty runoff that winds up in the Colorado River. It costs $50 to desalinate this river water so Mexican farmers can irrigate their crops. Price ($) 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 DMBMB sed 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110120 Irrigation (acres) Tools (2) MCpvt MC social
- Use this prompt to answer the following questions about tradeable permits. Two firms each currently dump 20 tons of pollution a piece into a local river. The government wants to reduce the amount of pollution in the river so they issue 5 permits to each firm. The cost for firm A to reduce their pollution by 1 ton is $1000 and the cost for firm B to reduce their pollution by 1 ton is $800. When answering the questions below simply enter the number for your answer do not write a full sentence. Question 1 If trade is NOT allowed what will be the cost of reducing pollution will be for firm A, for firm B, and in total. 3 pts25. Suppose that there is a large farm and a large recreation firm located on a river. The farm is upstream of the recreational area. The farm uses the streamflow for irrigation. Let S be the amount of streamflow used by the farm and suppose its marginal benefit for irrigation is given by MB-5000-15S. Use of streamflow by the farm is costly to the recreational firm, though, because of lost opportunities for boating, fishing, and camping. Suppose this marginal cost is given by MC=5s. (a) Draw a sketch of the MB and MC curves for use of S by the farm. On your graph, show the efficient level of S by the farm. Solve for this amount from the equations. (b) If unregulated, the farm uses streamflow at a price of zero. Show on your graph what S this corresponds to. Solve for it from the equations. (c) If the government sets a tax price on streamflow, what tax price per unit of S will result in the farm using the efficient level of streamflow? Show on your graph and find with the equations. (d)…. Appalachian Coal Mining believes that it can increase labor productivity and, therefore, net revenue by reducing air pollution in its mines. It estimates that the marginal cost function for reducing pollution by installing additional capital equipment is MC=40P Where P represents a reduction of one unit of pollution in the mines. It also feels that for every unit of pollution reduction the marginal increase in revenue (MR) is MR=1000-10P How much pollution reduction should Appalachian Coal Mining undertake?