A particular type of anemia in humans, called b-thalassemia,results from a severe reduction or absence of the normal b-globinchain of hemoglobin. However, the g@globin chain, normally onlyexpressed during fetal development, can functionally substitutefor b-globin. A variety of studies have explored the use of thenucleoside 5-azacytidine for the expression of g-globin in adultpatients with b-thalassemia.(a) How might 5-azacytidine lead to expression of g-globin inadult patients?(b) Explain why this drug may also have some adverse side effects.

Q: When human hemoglobin undergoes a mutation, the mutant protein usually does not replace all of the…

A: The cytosol of red blood cells contains the oxygen-carrying globular protein hemoglobin, which is…

Q: The lac repressor and the pur repressor are homologous proteins with very similar three-dimensional…

A: The lac represser supermolecule, LacI, prevents the transcription of genes concerned in lactose…

Q: Why is the TAS2R38 gene also called the PTC gene

A: PTC is a chemical compound abbreviated as phenylthiocarbamide. It is also called phenylthiourea as…

Q: Compare and contrast the regulation of Ras with trimeric G proteins

A: Given: Need to compare and contrast the difference between Ras protein with trimeric G protein.

Q: Sickle cell anemia patients suffer from a distorted red blood cell shape and an anemic condition as…

A: d. In sickle cell anemia patients, 100% of the hemoglobin assembled contains the mutant β globin,…

Q: Now read this abstract from a 2013 journal article What is the authors' explanation of how Gal80p…

A: In the present system, GAL genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are regulated by the combined action of…

Q: Describe and explain the 3-D structural change to the protein (uniprotkb-p39086/gene regulator 5)…

A: Answer-- 3-D structure of proteins is the level of protein structure at which an entire polypeptide…

Q: How many ATP and GTP molecules would be hydrolyzed in the synthesis of a 125 amino acid protein?…

A: ATP and GTP provide signals to drive many cellular functions.

Q: Sickle-cell anemia arises from a mutation in the gene for the β chain of human hemoglobin. The…

A: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic traist as it is inherited from the parents to the offspring. The…

Q: Ribosomes markedly accelerate thehydrolysis of GTP bound to the complex of EF-Tu and aminoacyltRNA.…

A: Introduction GTPases are regulatory molecular switches in various cellular machinery involving a…

Q: A certain nonsense suppressor corrects a nongrowingmutant to a state that is near, but not exactly,…

A: A nonsense suppressor mutation can influence the effects of nonsense mutations. It is usually a…

Q: Jack is applyng to Gate's foundation for a grant to make a high affinity, humanized monoclonal…

A: Jack is requesting funding from the Gates Foundation to develop a high affinity, humanized…

Q: Explain

A: The process by which information encoded in a gene is used to control the assembly of a protein…

Q: Identify the ligand that bind to uniprotkb-P39086, the type of allostery, and describe the general…

A: P39086 is an ID for a protein GRIK1_HUMAN that belongs to Homosapiens. It is a protein of 918 amino…

Q: Which of the proteins: the CAP or the lac repressor, does the eukaryotic nuclear receptor for the…

A: There are steroid hormones (compounds with characteristic sterol rings). Steroid hormones can be…

Q: Explain how cells prevent excess transposable elementmobilization

A: Transposable elements (TEs) are the small segments of DNA that can move from one position to other…

Q: A which is involved in the silencing of the y-globin gene, is rendered inactive. CL11A is a Land a…

A: Gene silencing is a negative feedback process that controls gene expression and metabolism…

Q: How many of the mutations listed below would lead to excessive cell growth when the cell was either…

A: Excessive growth occurs when a cell continuously divides and when there is no cell cycle arrest. Myc…

Q: For the genotypes and conditions (lactose present or absent) shown in the following Table 2, predict…

A: The prokaryotic gene regulation is known as operon system. In this condition the expression of a…

Q: Jack is applyng to Gate's foundation for a grant to make a high affinity, humanized monoclonal…

A: Jack is requesting funding from the Gates Foundation to develop a high affinity, humanized…

Q: Describe how the association of DNMT1 with the UHRF1 and PCNA proteins ensures that it will be found…

A: To maintain cell phenotype throughout subsequent cell divisions, DNA methylation, which is catalysed…

Q: hemoglobin with different properties. Which of the following contributes to the varying 02 binding…

A: Hemoglobin is an iron containing protwun. The iron portion of the hemoglobin is called the heme and…

Q: GC (Glycocorticoids) binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which leads to the transcription of…

A: Receptors are structures made of proteins that transduce signals in the cells upon binding of the…

Q: Jack is applyng to Gate's foundation for a grant to make a high affinity, humanized monoclonal…

A: An antibody known as a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is produced by cells in the immune system that…

Q: A mutation in the Ras protein renders Ras constitutively active (RasD). What is constitutive…

A: The Ras protein can be referred to as tiny G protein that requires phosphorylation of guanosine…

Q: A) 43 14 When Friend erythroleukemic cells are incubated with sodium butyrate, they differentiate…

A: Introduction :  Histones are highly alkaline proteins. They are found in the nucleus of the…

Q: A pharmaceutical company developed a drug, CP788, that inhibits the interaction of Grb2 with SH2…

A: Grb2 ( growth factor receptor bound protein 2) is an adaptor protein whose function is to bring…

Q: Describe the regulation of expression of the lac Z, Y and A genes in E.coli when there is LOW…

A:

Q: In addition to the effect on ribonucleotide reductase, hydroxyurea causes changes at the gene…

A: In each living cell, ribonucleotide enzyme (RNR) may be a crucial catalyst that facilitates the…

Q: in the CTD of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated to recruit enzymes to add the 5’ guanosine cap?…

A: During the being transcription cycle, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the most important part of RNA…

Q: An abundance of misfolded proteins in the ER can result in the activation of the unfolded-protein…

A: Endoplasmic Reticulum can be referred to as one of the organelles of cell that can be observed in…

Q: How can dietary changes affect the expression of Phenylketonuria?

A: The phenylketonuria is a rare genetic disorder that is inherited from the parents. This disorder is…

Q: identify the key players in the various mutants of the spike protein

A: The spike protein consists of a linear chain of 1273 amino acids, showing neatness sunray into a…

Q: Based on the data provided, explain how cellular processes must be altered in stomach cancer cells…

A: In comparison to healthy cells, cancer cells have an active metabolism and need more energy. Cancer…

Q: This question relates to the biological activity of the estrogen receptor (ER). ER is a nuclear…

A: In the provided Western Blot data, we observe that the estrogen receptor (ER) is primarily localized…

Q: phically by plotting t

A: INTRODUCTION  The Hill coefficient (nH) is a focal boundary in the investigation of ligand-protein…

Q: Sec61 is a protein involved in the formation of the translocon for ER-targeted proteins.What would…

A: Endomembrane system: - it is a system through which the cell modifies, packages and transports the…

Q: Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is inhibited by ADP ribosylation catalyzed by diphtheria toxin. What…

A: Introduction: The G protein is known for its huge part in numerous organic cycles. These proteins…

Q: A strain of Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a mutation in the APETALA2 gene. As a result of this…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a biomolecule that plays important role in coding, decoding, and…

Q: You know that the mRNA and protein produced by aparticular gene are present in brain, liver, and…

A: The mRNA (messenger Ribonucleic acid) and protein are present in all the three cell types; that is…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.