College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- Ernest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (ªHe) from gold-197 nuclei (197 Au). The energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 7.28 × 10-13 J, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 × 10-27 kg and 3.29 × 10-25 kg, respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197). (Assume that the helium nucleus travels in the +x direction before the collision.) (a) If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 136° during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus' final speed (in m/s) and the final velocity (magnitude in m/s and direction counterclockwise from the +x-axis) of the gold nucleus. 4He speed 197 Au velocity t 197 Au direction 14500000 0.0140 -17 m/s X m/s ° counterclockwise from the +x-axis (b) What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the helium nucleus? 7.02e-13 Jarrow_forwardElectron capture is a variant on beta-radiation. The lightest nucleus to decay by electron capture is 7Be -- beryllium-7. The daughter nucleus is 7Li -- lithium-7. The electron is transformed into a massless particle (a neutrino): e − + 7 B e + ⟶ 7 L i + ν The initial electron is bound in the atom, so the beryllium mass includes the electron. In fact, since the electron starts bound in the atom, a more-accurate statement of the nuclear reaction is probably: 7 B e ⟶ 7 L i + ν The masses are beryllium: 7.016929 u, and lithium: 7.016003 u, and refer to the neutral atom as a whole. (Use uc and uc2 as your momentum and energy units -- but carry them along in your calculation.) The initial beryllium atom is stationary. Calculate the speed of the final lithium nucleus in km/s. (all the energy released goes into the lighter particle. c = 300,000 km/s)arrow_forwardElectron capture is a variant on beta-radiation. The lightest nucleus to decay by electron capture is 7Be -- beryllium-7. The daughter nucleus is 7Li -- lithium-7. The electron is transformed into a massless particle (a neutrino): e − + 7 B e + ⟶ 7 L i + ν The initial electron is bound in the atom, so the beryllium mass includes the electron. In fact, since the electron starts bound in the atom, a more-accurate statement of the nuclear reaction is probably: 7 B e ⟶ 7 L i + ν The masses are beryllium: 7.016929 u, and lithium: 7.016003 u, and refer to the neutral atom as a whole. (Use uc and uc2 as your momentum and energy units -- but carry them along in your calculation.) The initial beryllium atom is stationary. Calculate the speed of the final lithium nucleus in km/s. (You will make life much easier for yourself if you recognize that practically all the energy released goes into the lighter particle. c = 300,000 km/s)arrow_forward
- 3. Consider the following two types of completely inelastic collisions between Турe A two identical masses, m. Type A: a m m particle of mass m and velocity v strikes V a stationary target consisting of an identical particle of mass m. Type B: Туре В each particle has a mass m and a speed m m v/(22) – in this case they collide head v/2/2 V/22 on. Ignore gravity, and express your answers in terms of m and v. A. What is the speed of the center of mass for type A, and for type B collisions (before the collision occurs)? What the center of mass speed after the collision for each type of collision. Justify your answers. В. ( What is the change in the total kinetic energy for type A and type B ?arrow_forwardA Carbon-14 nucleus is initially at rest but emits two particles of radiation; one with momentum 5.8x10-21kgm/s[E], and another with momentum 4.5x10-21kgm/s[S]. If the residual Carbon-14 mass is 2.3x10-26kg; a. Determine the residual Carbon 14 momentum magnitude b. Determine the residual Carbon 14 momentum direction c. determine the residual Carbon 14 velocity.arrow_forwardIn a very busy off-campus eatery, one chef sends a 201 g broccoli-tomato-pickle-onion-mushroom pizza sliding down the counter from left to right at 1.79 m/s. Almost simultaneously, the other chef launches a 335 g veggie burger (with everything, but hold the horseradish) along the same counter from right to left at 2.47 m/s. The two delicacies collide head-on at the given speeds. The counter is practically friction-free due to accumulated grease. The two delicacies merge into a single, unbelievably savory serving. In what direction does the merged meal move, if it moves at all? A) does not move B) to the right C) to the left At what speed does it move in m/s? Enter a positive number.arrow_forward
- A 1400 kg car at rest at a stop sign is rear ended by a 1860 kg truck traveling at a speed of 19.1 m/s. After the collision, the two vehicles are locked together. Alice is moving past the collision site in a frame S' that is traveling at a constant velocity of 6.88 m/s in the direction of travel of the incident truck. (a) Determine the momentum of the vehicles before the collision Alice's frame. kg - m/s (b) Determine the momentum of the vehicles after the collision Alice's frame. kg - m/s (c) Does Alice conclude that momentum is conserved during the collision? O Ves O No O cannot be determinedarrow_forwardA 212^Bi (bismuth) nucleus undergoes alpha decay, resulting in a 208^Tl (thallium) nucleus and a 4He (helium) nucleus as per the following reaction: 212^Bi →208^Tl + 4^He The masses of each nucleus is listed in the table below. Given that the bismuth atom was at rest before the reaction, if the resulting thallium nucleus is traveling 3.3 × 105 m/s, how fast is the helium nucleus traveling?arrow_forwardA radioactive nucleus at rest decays into a second nucleus, an electron, and a neutrino. The electron and neutrino are emitted at right angles and have momenta of pe = 8.95×10-23 kg-m/s and Py = 6.18x10-23 kg. m/s, respectively. (Figure 1) Figure Pnuc (nuc) +y 0 Onuc Pv Pe Part A Determine the magnitude of the momentum of the second (recoiling) nucleus. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Pnuc = Submit Part B ■ μÅ Value Request Answer Pearson Units Review | Constan ?arrow_forward
- b & carrow_forward2. A projectile of mass m = target of mass M = 2 kg and gets imbedded in it. The energy lost (AE) during this 0.2kg and initial speed v; = 200 ms-1 hits a stationary collision is closest to (a) AE = 0J (no energy is lost) (b) AE = -3640 J (c) AE = -3670 J (d) ДЕ - = -4000 Jarrow_forwardIn a very busy off-campus eatery one chef sends a 221 g broccoli-tomato-pickle-onion-mushroom pizza sliding down the counter from left to right at 1.59 m/s. Almost simultaneously, the other chef launches a 315 g veggieburger (with everything, but hold the horseradish) along the same counter from right to left at 2.27 m/s. The two delicacies collide head on at the given speeds. The counter is practically friction free due to accumulated grease. The two delicacies merge into a single, unbelievably savory serving. In what direction does the merged meal move, if it moves at all? a. to the right b. to the left c. does not move At what speed does it move in m/s? (positive number).arrow_forward
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