A high-carbon steel with a fully pearlitic microstructure was used to form a high-strength bolt (H.-C.
Lee et al., J. Mater. Proc. Tech. 211, 1044 (2011)). It
was found that the bolt head had an average interlamellar
spacing of 257 nm whereas the average spacing in the body
of the bolt was 134 nm. Assuming that dislocation pileup is
the primary mechanism responsible for the strength of this
alloy, what ratio of strength (or hardness) might be expected
in the head and body of the bolt?
Hall Petch effect has the basic underlining that in any material the strength beyond their maximum theoretical strength can be achieved. This is done by decreasing or reducing the grain size. The quantitative analysis of this increase in strength is given by Hall Petch equation which relates strength to grain size as
Where is grain size.
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