A heating system must maintain the interior of a building at TH = 20°C when the outside temperature is TC = 2°C. If the rate of heat transfer from the building through its walls and roof is 16.4 kW, determine the electrical power required, in kW, to heat the building using (a) electrical-resistance heating, (b) a heat pump whose coefficient of performance is 3.0, (c) a reversible heat pump operating between hot and cold reservoirs at 20°C and 2°C, respectively.

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