A group of researchers were interested in ways to lower blood pressure. The study consisted of 90 participants. 30 partcipants were randomly assigned to eat a heart healthy diet, 30 were randomly assigned to a heart healthy exercise routine, and 30 were randomly assigned to do nothing and serve as a control. After. a month of their assigned intervention, partcipants' blood pressure was measured. Which statistical test should be used to compare the 3 intervention types on post-treatment blood pressure? a. one way between subjects ANOVA b. one way repeated measures ANOVA c. two way between subjects ANOVA d. none of these options

An epidemiologist found five cases of “big toe cancer” in the Yukon Territory. Because there were only a few cases, the epidemiologist decided to conduct a matched case-control study to determine whether shoe size larger than 9 is a risk factor for big toe cancer. Cases were individually matched to one control for daily activity, history of athlete’s foot, and history of ingrown toenails. The following data were gathered:  Shoe size > 9 Pair Case Control   1     Yes      No   2      No       No   3      No      Yes   4     Yes     Yes   5      No      Yes Compute the proper measure of association. Interpret your results. If you were to investigate a rare cancer in Lynchburg, where might you look for data? What would be necessary legally and ethically to be able to utilize this data set(s)? Submit your thread by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Thursday of Module/Week 3, and submit your replies by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of the same module/week. 1

What is the distinguishing feature of a case-control study such as this? An epidemiologist performed a case-control study examining whether tobacco use was associated with oral cancer. The investigator recruited a random sample of 75 adults with oral cancer and 72 adults without oral cancer. Participants were interviewed and asked about their history of tobacco use. O Exposure status was assessed, and then the participants were followed up over time to see who developed the outcome. O The exposure and outcome were measured at the same time, so temporality cannot be established. O Participants were selected based on disease status, and then exposure status was assessed from the past. O The investigator randomized participants into exposure groups and then followed them to see who developed the outcome.

A researcher is studying the effects of his newly created lens on vision. He samples 9 people with poor vision and measures their visual distance (in feet) with the lens and then without the lens. Did people’s vision with the lens differ from their vision without?   Participant # With Lens Without Lens 1 8 14 2 6 17 3 9 12 4 7 11 5 5 12 6 9 18 7 8 13 8 9 7 9 7 13   What kind of analysis will you use? Why?  State the null and alternative hypothesis.    Check your assumptions. Explain why each of them are or are not met.    Sketch a distribution and shade the rejection region(s), including the corresponding critical value(s).    Using R, calculate your test statistic and interpret the results of your test. (Don’t forget your 95% confidence interval and screenshots of your work!)  What do you conclude about the null hypothesis? Are there significant differences?