A food product with 82% moisture content is being frozen. Estimate the specific heat of the product at -6°C when 75% of the water is in a frozen state. The specific heat of dry product solid is 2.0 kJ/(kg °C). Assume specific heat of water at -10°C is similar to specific heat of water at 0°C.

The concrete slab of a basement is 11 m long and 8 m wide, and 0.20 m thick. During the winter, temperatures are nominally 17°C and 10°C at the top and bottom surfaces, respectively. If the concrete has a thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/mK, what is the rate of heat loss through the slab? If the basement is heated by a gas furnace operation at an efficiency of 90%, and natural gas is priced at $0.02. MJ, what is the daily cost of the heat loss. Answer: QLOSS = 4.312 kW, COST = $8.28/day

When a material changes phase - liquid, solid, gas- heat exchange is required. This heat is called the Latent heat. is the equation where L is the Latent heat and is material specific. How much heat is required to take water (mass of .55 kg) from -20 to 20 C? L for ice to water is 33.5 * 104 J/kg. the specific heat of ice is 2090 J/(kg*C).and for water is 4186 J/(kg*C).

9. The rod below with the cross section surface area of 0.12 m² is laterally insulated. The rod has a thermal conduction constant of 100 W/m.°C. If the temperature along the rod changes according to the function T=ax²+b, develop a model to find the heat which is transferred through the rod? 1 X=0 T=70 °C Heat flow X=2m T=30 °C X