A firm goes to the markets to raise capital. The investor can either invest V₁ on the firm or buy government bonds. If she invests, the expected value of the dividend she receives the following period is Et[Dt+1]. Where Et[] denotes the mathematical expectation, taken at time, t. If she buys a government bond, and receive a gross return (1 + r) for sure. 1. Let Et [Vt+1] denote the expected value of the stock the following period, explain why this is not the only return that the investor can expect from owning the stock. 2. Write down an expression for the gross return on the stock. [Hint: This is a ratio.] 3. Suppose investor's objective is to maximize their expected return. If the return from bonds is higher than the expected return from stocks, will they buy stocks or bonds? How about the other way around? 4. Since investors hold both stocks and bonds, what must be true about the expected return of stocks and bonds in equilibrium? Show that this implies the following no arbitrage condition: V₁ = E[D+1+Vi+1] 1 + rt (29.1) 5. If equation (29.1) describes the stock market, what three variables determine its value? 6. Let ut = log Vt. Show that the equilibrium growth rate of the stock market is given by the following relationship: v-v-1 = -(rt-rt-1) + (log(Et[Dt+1+Vt+1]) - log(Et-1 [Dt + V) (29.2)

A6.

Consider the following portfolio choice problem. The investor has initial wealth w andutility u(x) = (x^n) /n. There is a safe asset (such as a US government bond) that has netreal return of zero. There is also a risky asset with a random net return that has onlytwo possible returns, R1 with probability 1 − q and R0 with probability q. We assumeR1 < 0, R0 > 0. Let A be the amount invested in the risky asset, so that w − A isinvested in the safe asset.1) What are risk preferences of this investor, are they risk-averse, riskneutral or risk-loving?2) Find A as a function of w.

I need help with question d

Suppose you observe that short-term interest rates are higher than long-term interest rates. a. What expectations must people have regarding future interest rates? b. Why might the above relationship signal a recession? Why might it not? c. What will the yield curve for this problem look like?   Q4 Why is the fact that stock prices follow a random walk a signal of stock market efficiency? What would have to be true if stock prices did not follow a random walk?  

Suppose that there is a credit market imperfection due to asymmetric information. In the economy, a fraction b of consumers consists of lenders, who each receive an endowment of y units of the consumption good in the current period and 0 units in the future period. A fraction (1-b)a of consumers are good borrowers who each receive an endowment of 0 units in the current period and y units in the future period. Finally, a fraction (1-b)(1-a) of consumers are bad borrowers who receive 0 units of endowment in the current and future periods. Banks cannot distinguish between good and bad borrowers. The government sets G=G' = 0, and each consumer is asked to pay a lump-sum tax of t in the current period and t' in the future period. The government also cannot distinguish between good and bad borrowers but can observe endowments. a. Write down the government's budget constraint, making sure to take account of who is able to pay their taxes and who does not. The government's budget constraint in…

Please provide steps by step answer with proper explanation with final answer..... Don't use pepar work and you will use pepar work then .......I will give you down upvote.....