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A database of spontaneous adverse reaction reports contains a total of 2 million reports. Among them, there are 80,000 (4%) dealing with CNS side effects (for all drugs) and a total of 40,000 (2%) dealing with painkillers (all reactions). There are a total of 1,600 reports dealing with CNS side effects as a side effect of painkillers. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A) The over-frequency described is not significant and thus one can not conclude one by one about the relationship between painkillers and CNS side effects. B) Proportional reporting ratio is 5, ie. it is a signal. C) Proportional reporting ratio is 0.50, which is not high enough to raise suspicion of a signal. D) Proportional reporting ratio is 1 and thus it is not a signal. E) Odds ratio for the association is 2, ie there is strong knowledge of a causal relationship between the use of painkillers and risk of CNS side effects.

A database of spontaneous adverse reaction reports contains a total of 2 million reports. Among them, there are 80,000 (4%) dealing with CNS side effects (for all drugs) and a total of 40,000 (2%) dealing with painkillers (all reactions). There are a total of 1,600 reports dealing with CNS side effects as a side effect of painkillers. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A) The over-frequency described is not significant and thus one can not conclude one by one about the relationship between painkillers and CNS side effects. B) Proportional reporting ratio is 5, ie. it is a signal. C) Proportional reporting ratio is 0.50, which is not high enough to raise suspicion of a signal. D) Proportional reporting ratio is 1 and thus it is not a signal. E) Odds ratio for the association is 2, ie there is strong knowledge of a causal relationship between the use of painkillers and risk of CNS side effects.

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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A database of spontaneous adverse reaction reports contains a total of 2 million reports. Among them, there are 80,000 (4%) dealing with CNS side effects (for all drugs) and a total of 40,000 (2%) dealing with painkillers (all reactions). There are a total of 1,600 reports dealing with CNS side effects as a side effect of painkillers. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A) The over-frequency described is not significant and thus one can not conclude one by one about the relationship between painkillers and CNS side effects. B) Proportional reporting ratio is 5, ie. it is a signal. C) Proportional reporting ratio is 0.50, which is not high enough to raise suspicion of a signal. D) Proportional reporting ratio is 1 and thus it is not a signal. E) Odds ratio for the association is 2, ie there is strong knowledge of a causal relationship between the use of painkillers and risk of CNS side effects.
Transcribed Image Text:A database of spontaneous adverse reaction reports contains a total of 2 million reports. Among them, there are 80,000 (4%) dealing with CNS side effects (for all drugs) and a total of 40,000 (2%) dealing with painkillers (all reactions). There are a total of 1,600 reports dealing with CNS side effects as a side effect of painkillers. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A) The over-frequency described is not significant and thus one can not conclude one by one about the relationship between painkillers and CNS side effects. B) Proportional reporting ratio is 5, ie. it is a signal. C) Proportional reporting ratio is 0.50, which is not high enough to raise suspicion of a signal. D) Proportional reporting ratio is 1 and thus it is not a signal. E) Odds ratio for the association is 2, ie there is strong knowledge of a causal relationship between the use of painkillers and risk of CNS side effects.
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