A D flip-flop has a hold time of three ns, a setup time of five ns, and a propagation delay from the rising edge of the clock to the change in flip- flop output in the range of 6 to 12 ns. A comparator (combinational circuit) unit delay is in the range of (.... You have to calculate it based on using 2- input NAND gates for the implementation and response time per every NAND gate is one ns). X Comparator Z-X Z CLK Flip-Flop a) What is the minimum clock period for prover operation of the circuit above? b) What is the earliest time after the rising clock edge at which X is allowed to change?

Give an in-depth comparison and contrast of any two modes of communication and your reasoning for choosing one over the other. Give reasons to back up your response.

When you talk about the desired outcome of the authentication procedure, what do you mean? What are the pros and cons of using various authentication techniques?

It would be quite helpful if you could elaborate on the logic behind the authentication procedure. Thank you very much for your time. Analyze the different methods of authentication and compare and contrast their positive and negative aspects.