A copper rod is deformed using a uniaxial tensile force of 16000 N. Deformation continues until sufficient strain hardening has occurred such that the applied force is too small to allow further deformation. After deformation, the rod has a diameter of 0.01 m and a length of 1.5 m. Assume that copper follows the strain hardening lawwith K of 310 MPa and n=0.54   Please calculate the true strain after the deformation ?

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.