College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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A contestant in a winter games event pulls a 60.0 kg block of ice across a frozen lake with a rope over his shoulder as shown in Figure 4.29(b). The coefficient of static friction is 0.1 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.03.

(a) Calculate the minimum force F he must exert to get the block moving.
 .......N
(b) What is its acceleration once it starts to move, if that force is maintained?
.......m/s2

### Understanding Forces in Motion: Pushing vs. Pulling

#### Diagram Analysis

The image above illustrates two scenarios where a person is either pushing or pulling a heavy object (a large rock) across a surface. The diagrams are designed to help understand the forces involved in these actions.

#### Diagram Details

##### Pushing Scenario (Top Image):

- **Person's Position and Effort:** The person is leaning forward with hands placed on the rock, applying force to push it.
- **Forces Illustrated:**
  - The diagram shows an arrow labeled **\[F\]** (Force) pointing perpendicular from the person's hands directly toward the rock to indicate the direction of the applied force.
  - The surface appears to be horizontal, implying the person is exerting force horizontally.

##### Pulling Scenario (Bottom Image):

- **Person's Position and Effort:** The person has a rope or strap over their shoulder, pulling the rock by moving forward.
- **Forces Illustrated:**
  - The diagram shows an arrow labeled **\[F\]** (Force) extending backward from the rock toward the person to demonstrate the direction of the pulling force.
  - Again, the surface is horizontal, indicating the pulling force is also applied horizontally but in the opposite direction compared to pushing.

#### Educational Objective

- **Physics Concept:** These diagrams are used to illustrate the principle of force and how it acts in different scenarios.
  - **Force Direction:** Understanding how the direction in which force is applied (pushing vs. pulling) affects the movement of objects.
  - **Efficiency and Effort:** Comparing the physical effort required in both pushing and pulling can help explain concepts of friction, body mechanics, and optimal movement strategies.

By analyzing such diagrams, students can gain a deeper understanding of fundamental physics concepts like force, friction, and vector components in real-world applications.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Forces in Motion: Pushing vs. Pulling #### Diagram Analysis The image above illustrates two scenarios where a person is either pushing or pulling a heavy object (a large rock) across a surface. The diagrams are designed to help understand the forces involved in these actions. #### Diagram Details ##### Pushing Scenario (Top Image): - **Person's Position and Effort:** The person is leaning forward with hands placed on the rock, applying force to push it. - **Forces Illustrated:** - The diagram shows an arrow labeled **\[F\]** (Force) pointing perpendicular from the person's hands directly toward the rock to indicate the direction of the applied force. - The surface appears to be horizontal, implying the person is exerting force horizontally. ##### Pulling Scenario (Bottom Image): - **Person's Position and Effort:** The person has a rope or strap over their shoulder, pulling the rock by moving forward. - **Forces Illustrated:** - The diagram shows an arrow labeled **\[F\]** (Force) extending backward from the rock toward the person to demonstrate the direction of the pulling force. - Again, the surface is horizontal, indicating the pulling force is also applied horizontally but in the opposite direction compared to pushing. #### Educational Objective - **Physics Concept:** These diagrams are used to illustrate the principle of force and how it acts in different scenarios. - **Force Direction:** Understanding how the direction in which force is applied (pushing vs. pulling) affects the movement of objects. - **Efficiency and Effort:** Comparing the physical effort required in both pushing and pulling can help explain concepts of friction, body mechanics, and optimal movement strategies. By analyzing such diagrams, students can gain a deeper understanding of fundamental physics concepts like force, friction, and vector components in real-world applications.
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