Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696527
Author: J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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- Direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene is carried out in the vapor phase with steam over a catalyst consisting primarily of iron oxide. The reaction is endothermic, and can be accomplished either adiabatically or isothermally. Both methods are used in practice. The major reaction is the reversible, endothermic conversion of ethylbenzene to styrene and hydrogen: C6H3CH₂CH CoHsCHCH₂ + H₂ AH= 124.9 kJ/mol Competing thermal reactions degrade ethylbenzene to benzene C6H3CH₂CH3C6H6+ C₂H4 AH 101.8 kJ/mol Styrene also reacts catalytically to toluene: CH3CH₂CH3 + H2 CH3CH3 + CH4 AH=64.5 kJ/mol The reactions take place at 620°C. The costs are as shown in Table 1. The production rate of styrene is 200 mol/h. Chemical name Formula Cost (S/kmol) Ethylbenzene C6H5CH₂CH3 57.1 Styrene C.HSCHCH₂ 75.9 Benzene C6H6 32.8 Toluene C6H5CH3 25.8 Hydrogen H₂ 1.2 (as fuel) Methane CH4 4.0 (as fuel) Ethylene C₂H4 6.7 (as fuel) Correlation for the product selectivity and distribution are given as…arrow_forwardTwo perfectly mixed vessels of 10 liters each and both at 1 atm and 120 °C are respectively filled with n-butanol C4H9OH and air. At time t = 0, the two vessels are via a pipe connected to each other at 120 °C and 1 atm. This pipe has a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 1 cm. No reaction occurs during the mixing of the gases. All performing gas phases are assumed to be ideal. For the calculation of the molecular diffusivity, the Fuller's equation used. How long does it take for the partial pressure of n-butanol in the air vessel to reach 0.01 atm (in h)? Hints for the second part: - at any time point (so also at t= 0) forms the formula derived in the course for equimolar counter-diffusion under steady state conditions is a good approximation for the occurring flux. - at any time holds that c(butanol, vessel 1) = 31 mol/m3 - c(butanol, vessel 2) with the two concentrations in mol/m3 answer: t = 2.45 harrow_forward200 moles of ethane C2H6 are burned in a furnace with air that contains 945 moles of O2. The flue gas is measured and contains 20 moles of C2H6. a. Is there excess oxygen? If so please determine how much excess. b. The Orsat meter used to measure the components of the flue gas appears to be off. Can you confirm the composition of each species? c. Calculate the heat transferred from the furnace provided that the ethane enters the system at 25 C, the air is preheated to 100 C and the flue gas exits at 400 C.arrow_forward
- 10. A container is separated into two halves by a membrane. Your lab partner assistant, Thurmond, is supposed to place a MgCl2 solution on side 1 and a NaCl solution on side 2. He is then supposed to measure the rate of water movement across the membrane. Unfortunately, Thurmond is not very good about keeping complete lab notes and he has forgotten to write down some data and calculations. Using your knowledge of osmosis, complete the following table. Temperature is 15°C and the hydraulic conductivity for the membrane is 0.4 ml/atm sec. MgCl2 Concentration on Side 1 NaCl Concentration on Side 2 80 mM Osmolarity on Side 1 Osmolarity on Side 2 Difference in osmotic pressure 60 mosM across the membrane Jy 0.95 ml/sec Reflection coefficient (ơ) Direction of water movementarrow_forward2. You are working for a power plant that makes use of coal tar, a type of liquid fuel as its raw material for burning in a boller. This type of fuel is mainly composed of carbolic oll, naphthalene oil, creosote oil and anthracene oll. After analyzing coal tar you were able to wow it contalns 85.9% 0,63% H, 2.2% S. 4.5% O and 1.1% N. You told the operators to make use of excess air for combustion. The air was assumed to enter at 30°C with 90%RH. In order to follow DENR regulations, you took a sample of the bumper gis to analyze its contents. Midway your experimentation, the equipment you used broke so it only gave you a partial analysis of 10.64% CO, 3.19%, CO and 0.64% H. a. The operators had no idea how much excess alr was needed, What do you tell them? b. You need to make the report to be passed that day for the analysis of the burner gas. What analysis will you submit the volume of the bumer gas in m/ka tuel is aso needed in your report c. The alr to be supplied a controlled…arrow_forwardCalculate Npr = ______x10^3 Please show your complete solution. When solving write the units. Please write clearly and readable. Thank you.arrow_forward
- For the electrolysis of CuCl2 (molten) to form Cu(s) and Cl2(g):E°Cu2+/Cu = 0.339 VE°Cl-/Cl2 = 1.360 V What minimum voltage must be used to carry out the reaction? If 1.5V is used, how much electrical energy (in kJ) will be used to produce 2g of Cl2(s)?arrow_forwardA saturated liquid feed of 500 mol/h at the boiling point contains 30 mol% ethanol and 70% water is to be fractionated at 101.32 kPa abs to give a distillate containing 90% ethanol and bottoms containing 3% ethanol. The reflux ratio used is 2.5:1. a. Calculate the amounts and compositions of distillate and bottom products, theoretical number of trays and the feed tray number. b. Determine the actual tray number of trays needed If the Murphree tray efficiency is 0.6 and also calculate the overall tray efficiency. (Use eq. data from App. A.3-23 Equilibrium data for ethanol-water system at 101.32 kPa (1 Atm).)arrow_forwardAn open boiler system uses the combustion of kerosene in the air to produce the needed heat. Kerosene can be approximated as C12H26. The reactants and products are at a pressure of 1atm. The temperature of the fuel and air entering the combustion chamber is 298K and the temperature of the products is 400K. The fuel is burned at stoichiometric conditions. Calculate the heat released per kmole of fuel for the combustion of kerosene in this system with the given inlet and outlet conditions for complete combustion (only H2O, CO2, and N2 in products).arrow_forward
- Powerplant cooling water with a temperature of 35 °C and a flowrate of 10 m3/s is discharged into a river with a temperature of 10 °C and a flowrate of 50 m3/s.a) What will the new temperature of the river be downstream of the mixing point? Draw and label your figure and state any assumptions.b) Using your knowledge of Henry’s law to justify your answer, how will this change in river temperature influence the amount of oxygen gas dissolved in the water?arrow_forwardPlease don't use hend raiting and step by step solutionsarrow_forward
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