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- Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds of bacterial meningi-tis cases during the first year of life but is still the number oneleading cause of mental retardation in patients who survive seri-ous disease due to permanent central nervous system disorders.What is the microorganism?(a) Haemophilus influenzae type B(b) Haemophilus influenzae type A(c) Neisseria meningitidis(d) Streptococcus pneumoniae(e) Listeria monocytogenesA boy with advanced Duchenne muscular dystrophy developedpulmonary edema (accumulation of fluid in the lungs) and pneumoniacaused by a bacterial infection. His physician diagnosed the conditionin the following way: The pulmonary edema was the result of heartfailure, and the increased fluid in the lungs provided a site wherebacteria could invade and grow. The fact that the boy could notbreathe deeply or cough effectively made the condition worse. Howwould the muscle tissues in a boy with advanced DMD differ from themuscle tissues in a boy with less advanced DMD?Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treatS. aureus infections in a community, all new S. aureus infectionswere caused by MRSA. How can this best be explained?(A) A patient must have become infected with MRSA fromanother community.(B) In response to the drug, S. aureus began making drugresistant versions of the protein targeted by the drug.(C) Some drug-resistant bacteria were present at the startof treatment, and natural selection increased theirfrequency.(D) S. aureus evolved to resist vaccines
- Within the light organ, bacteria are protected and nourished, and rapidly increase in number. At night, theyprovide the light needed for counterillumination. But by dawn, as the squid prepares to hide in the sand forthe day, it ejects about 95% of the bacteria from the light organ. a) Write a possible explanation for why eliminating 95% of the bacteria present in the light organ isnecessary. b) Once the light organ is colonized, the squid no longer takes in Vibrio fischeri or other bacteria from theenvironment. Explain how a sufficiently large population of bacteria can be maintained in the light organto produce light.A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signsof infection or cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanteda prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommendedwatching the infant for two days before making a decision. Heexplained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicineand agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistantbacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapyfor infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibioticresistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are nowresistant to several antibiotics. The mother was not placatedbythese explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibioticsimmediately. This situation raises several issues. If the infant was given antibiotics, how might this have contributed to the production of resistant bacteria?A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signsof infection or cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanteda prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommendedwatching the infant for two days before making a decision. Heexplained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicineand agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistantbacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapyfor infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibioticresistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are nowresistant to several antibiotics. The mother was not placatedbythese explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibioticsimmediately. This situation raises several issues. How should the pediatrician balance his ethical responsibility to provide effective treatment to the present patient with his ethical…
- A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signsof infection or cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanteda prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommendedwatching the infant for two days before making a decision. Heexplained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicineand agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistantbacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapyfor infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibioticresistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are nowresistant to several antibiotics. The mother was not placatedbythese explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibioticsimmediately. This situation raises several issues. If you were an anxious parent of the patient, would it change your mind if you learned that a woman died in 2016 from a bacterial infection…A two-year-old toddler was brought to the emergency room ashe had been pulling at his right ear and crying incessantly. Onexamining him, the doctor said that the child was suffering from a middleear infection. Name the infection that the child was suffering from and thebacteria that caused it.Why is it clinically important to distinguish S. pneumoniae from otherα-hemolytic streptococci?
- A 9 year old boy with cystic fibrosis – a genetic disease that causes a number of problems, including the build-up of thick sticky mucus in the lungs- complained of increasing fatigue, shortness of breath and worsening cough. When his mother took him to the doctor, she mentioned that his cough was a blue green color. His doctor immediately suspected a lung infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa a common complication of cystic fibrosis. A sputum was collected and sent to the clinical laboratory. In the Clinical laboratory, the sample was plated onto Mac Conkey agar and blood gar and incubated. Mucoid colonies surrounded by bluish green color grew on both types of agar media. The colonies on Mac Conkey had no pink coloration, so the medical technologist concluded that the cells did not ferment lactose. She noted that the blue green color on the agar plates and in the sputum, knowing that P.aeruginosa makes several pigmented compounds that give rise to colors ranging from yellow to blue. One…About becterial enzymes, it is CORRECT to affirm that: a). Some becterial enzymes can help the microbe fight the immune system, by destroying lgA.b). Coagulases are enzymes that use the host's fibrinogen and form a semi-solid get that isolates amd protects the bacteria.c). Some bacterial enzymes such as hyaluronidase can help the microble move through the host's tissus by destroying the tissue's components.d). Fibrolysin is an enzymes that can help from blood clots.A five-year old boy, suffering from running nose, headache and fever, got severe pain in his right ear. What is the diagnosis? Name at least two bacteria commonly involved in such infections. If left untreated, what complications might happen?