87) For a the viral proteins a. If the viral protein is made in the RER, it will go back to the nucleus b. IF they have nuclear localization sequence they will go to the nucleus c. The nuclear localization sequence can be either simple or bipartite of conserved leucine d. If the viral protein is made by free ribosome, most likely it will go to the surface of the o the cell.
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- Within the long-terminal repeat in the retrovirus genome is a PBS. If the PBS was mutated such that the molecule could no longer bind, what consequence would this have on the retrovirus life-cycle? Explain your answer. TTTT Paragraph Arial v a (12pt) E- E. T OIX8A cell infected with lambda bacteriophage can follow one of two pathways: the lytic or lysogenic pathway. Describe the similarities and differences between the structure of cI and Cro, paying particular attention to the features that allow them to carry out their different functions.Analysis A viral genome is composed of a double stranded DNA molecule containing 14% T (thymine). Based on this information, what would be the percentage of cytosine?
- 1. "One structural form used in building virus particles is based on the icosahedron. Describe, either in words or in a diagram, the organization (number of capsomers, etc.) of the simplest virus particle of this form. 2. If a virus has a negative‐sense RNA genome, what enzymatic activity (if any) will be found as part of the virion, and what will be the first step in expression of the viral genome?"Many viruses enter host cells through receptor- mediated endocytosis, What is an advantage of this entry strategy? The virus directly enters the cytoplasm of the cell The virus is protected from recognition by white blood cells The virus only enters its target host cell type The virus can directly inject its genome into the cell’s nucleus.The molecular pore of the DMVS is hypothesized to be O a. Synthesized from viral-encoded accessory proteins O b. Part of ribosome attachment site of the endoplasmic reticulum O C. Derived from the viral M protein O d. A pentameric formation of the SARS-CoV-2 E-protein
- Predict the replication step for the novel Miovirus. This virus was determined to have a dsRNA genome Draw out your prediction. Include any proteins/enzymes the virus will need to use, bring or express to carry out the replication. Indicate where it is likely for replication to occur in the host cell.ss (-) RNA viral genome RNA polymerase RNA-dependent # O dsRNA O dsDNA. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Coples (-) RNA strand transcription Copies (-) RNA strand. 80 ss (+) RNA S5 FA viral translation protein (+)RNA (viral mRNA) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Copies (+) RNA strand. What type of virus is replicating in the picture? (-)ssRNA (+)ssRNA % C wil ss (-) RNA viral genome <(C 16 & 7Viruses with negative sense RNA genomes typically, make proteins by: (Ignore retroviruses, and the unusual characteristics of coronaviruses) Translation of short RNA transcripts generated by RDRP Generating a DNA copy, which is then transcribed by host RNA polymerase. Translation of the viral genome by host ribosomes. Production of a polyprotein, which must be cleaved into smaller proteins. Generating a negative sense genome copy, which is then translated by host ribosomes.
- BONUS: Why do RNA viruses such as the COVID coronavirus, influenza virus and HIV have much higher mutation rates than DNA viruses such as Herpes viruses? O DNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than RNA polymerases which copy viral DNA O RNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than DNA polymerases which copy viral DNA RNA viral 60S ribosomes make many ore mutations than DNA viral 40S ribosomes O RNA viral gyrases make more mistakes than DNA viral helicases"You wish to produce a subunit vaccine for a nonenveloped positive‐sense RNA virus that will stimulate the production of neutralizing antibodies in the person receiving it. Indicate which of the following viral proteins would be a logical candidate for such a subunit vaccine, and state a brief justification. a. Viral capsomer proteinb. Viral protein that is bound to the RNA genome inside of the virionc. Viral RNA polymerase"17. Animal viruses: Describe the replication cycle of a retrovirus like HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). You may draw or describe the cycle. Be sure include how HIV carries out the steps of replication/multiplication from attachment/adsorption through release.