8.3 Identify the correct statement(s): • Column effective length depends on its unbraced length and end connections • Given the same unbraced length, the effective length of a column having simple hinge connections is greater than that having fixed end connections. • Under the same compressive load, a slender column is prone to larger lateral deflection and higher stresses than a short column with the same cross-section.

The following terms apply to LRFD (limit state design) and ASD. Which of the following is a limit state design concept?

All members have a cross sectional area of A, and a Young's modulus of E. Calculate the horizontal deflection that the horizontal point load undergoes. The client would like to reduce the horizontal deflection at point B by 30% by reinforcing all the members. Calculate the new required sectional areas. 3m 3m

12. Assume a uniformly load simply support beam with a rectangular cross section. The width of the beam is fixed by other design considerations. Determine the ratio between the difference in depth required for an aluminum beam compared to a steel beam in order to obtain the same maximum deflection. MOE aluminum can be taken as 10,000 ksi, for steel as 30,000 ksi. The maximum deflection for the beam is 5wl*/384EI Factoring the deflection equations we can conclude that for equal deflection Eala = Esls where subscripts a and s represent values for aluminum and steel. The depth of must be times the depth of the