8- Consider the digital TSSST switch shown in the figure in which N = 128 incoming digital signals with 24 channels per frame (time slots). Time expansion (a) is 2 and space expansion ẞ is 1.5. Calculate the complexity of this switch assuming output associated control in all stages.

Problem 2)- The figure below shows the binary input data and carrier signal that used in a optical comm system. Determine the data rate and baud rate for the following modulation schemes: a) Binary Phase Shift Keying b) Binary Frequency shift Keying. Assume the carrier swing is 3MHz. Input data Carrier 9 1 ' Sus Sus

Incremental shaft encoders have usually two pairs of photo emitters and photo detectors. Why is this? 1. Using two pairs of emitters and detectors allows turning an incremental shaftencoder into an absolute one.2. Usually the two emitter/detector pairs are out of phase by an angle of 90 degrees,so that the direction in which the the encoder disk is moving can be determined. Ifthere was only one such emitter/detector pair, the direction could not be determined.3. The additional emitter/detector pair is only introduced, in order to increase theredundancy of the shaft encoder. Hence, if one of them fails, the shaft encoder wouldcontinue operating in the same way as beforehand.4. The additional emitter/detector pair allows measuring additional information aboutthe shaft encoder motion. Whilst shaft encoders with a single emitter/detector paircan strictly only measure the absolute angle of the shaft encoder, adding another pairallows measuring differential speed and acceleration.

The image added shows a digital modulator.     State what the modulation scheme is and show how the modulated sequence 101 looks like if one bit contains three periods of the carrier sine wave, for the following types of modulating binary sequences: a) Unipolar   b) Bipolar