8- Consider the digital TSSST switch shown in the figure in which N = 128 incoming digital signals with 24 channels per frame (time slots). Time expansion (a) is 2 and space expansion ẞ is 1.5. Calculate the complexity of this switch assuming output associated control in all stages. TSSST Switches When the space stage of a TST switch is large enough to justify additional control complexity, multiple space stages can be used to reduce the total crosspoint count. Figure 5.25 depicts a TST architecture with a three-stage space switch. Because the three middle stages are all space stages, this structure is sometimes referred to as a TSSST switch. The EWSD switch of Siemens [9] uses a TSSST structure. The implementation complexity of a TSSST switch can be determined as* NBX + NBT + NBTC Complexity = Nx + 100 where Nx = number of crosspoints, = 2Nk + k (N/n)² NBX = number of space stage control store bits, = 2k(N/n)l log2(n) +k(N/n)! log2(N/n) NBT = number of bits in time stages, = 2Nc (8) NBTC = number of time stage control store bits, = 2Nl log2(c) (5.18)

Problem 2)- The figure below shows the binary input data and carrier signal that used in a optical comm system. Determine the data rate and baud rate for the following modulation schemes: a) Binary Phase Shift Keying b) Binary Frequency shift Keying. Assume the carrier swing is 3MHz. Input data Carrier 9 1 ' Sus Sus

Incremental shaft encoders have usually two pairs of photo emitters and photo detectors. Why is this? 1. Using two pairs of emitters and detectors allows turning an incremental shaftencoder into an absolute one.2. Usually the two emitter/detector pairs are out of phase by an angle of 90 degrees,so that the direction in which the the encoder disk is moving can be determined. Ifthere was only one such emitter/detector pair, the direction could not be determined.3. The additional emitter/detector pair is only introduced, in order to increase theredundancy of the shaft encoder. Hence, if one of them fails, the shaft encoder wouldcontinue operating in the same way as beforehand.4. The additional emitter/detector pair allows measuring additional information aboutthe shaft encoder motion. Whilst shaft encoders with a single emitter/detector paircan strictly only measure the absolute angle of the shaft encoder, adding another pairallows measuring differential speed and acceleration.

(a) Suppose that the BI/RBO input line was connected to ground on the 74LS47 BCD- to-seven segment decoder and all other input lines were connected as shown in Figure 3. Determine the effect this would have on the display. (b) Assume that the switches in Figure 3 are set to binary 1000, but the display shows a zero. What are possible causes for this error? Four DIP switches +5.0 V 1.0 ΚΩ MSB LSB w 330 Ω www 330 Ω 330 ww 330 Ω +5.0 V 7447A +5.0 V R's=330 Voc Anode a w a Lamp test ba ww b BI/RBO CO www RBI Outputs d w e ww e f w ww 8 DUBA BCD inputs GND MAN72 seven-segment display