Please answer 7.7-7.9 using R PROBLEMSRenal DiseaseThe mean serum-creatinine level measured in 12 patients24 hours after they received a newly proposed antibioticwas 1.2 mg/dL.*7.1 If the mean and standard deviation of serum creatininein the general population are 1.0 and 0.4 mg/dL, respec-tively, then, using a significance level of .05, test whetherthe mean serum-creatinine level in this group is differentfrom that of the general population.*7.2 What is the p-value for the test?*7.3 Suppose the sample standard deviation of serum cre-atinine in Problem 7.1 is 0.6 mg/dL. Assume that the stan-dard deviation of serum creatinine is not known, and performthe hypothesis test in Problem 7.1. Report a p-value.*7.4 Compute a two-sided 95% CI for the true meanserum-creatinine level in Problem 7.3.*7.5 How does your answer to Problem 7.4 relate to youranswer to Problem 7.3.7.6 Supposex-Hos/√n= -1.52 and a one-sample t test isperformed based on seven subjects. What is the two-tailedp-value?7.7 Use a computer program to compute the probabilitythat a t distribution with 36 df exceeds 2.5.7.8 Use a computer program to compute the lower 10thpercentile of a t distribution with 54 df.DiabetesPlasma-glucose levels are used to determine the presenceof diabetes. Suppose the mean In (plasma-glucose) concen-tration (mg/dL) in 35- to 44-year-olds is 4.86 with standarddeviation = 0.54. A study of 100 sedentary people in this agegroup is planned to test whether they have a higher or lowelevel of plasma glucose than the general population.7.9 If the expected difference is 0.10 In units, then what isthe power of such a study if a two-sided test is to be usedwith α = .05?7.10 Answer Problem 7.9 if the expected difference is 0.20In units.7.11 How many people would need to be studied to have80% power under the assumptions in Problem 7.9?Cardiovascular DiseaseSuppose the incidence rate of myocardial infarction (MI)was 5 per 1000 among 45- to 54-year-old men in 2000.To look at changes in incidence over time, 5000 men in thisage group were followed for 1 year starting in 2010. Fifteennew cases of MI were found.Problems2697.12 Using the critical-value method with a = .05, test thehypothesis that incidence rates of MI changed from 2000to 2010.7.13 Report a p-value to correspond to your answer toProblem 7.12.Suppose that 25% of patients with MI in 2000 died within24 hours. This proportion is called the 24-hour case-fatalityrate.7.14 Of the 15 new MI cases in the preceding study,5 died within 24 hours. Test whether the 24-hour case-fatality rate changed from 2000 to 2010.7.15 Suppose we eventually plan to accumulate 50 MIcases during the period 2010-2015. Assume that the24-hour case-fatality rate is truly 20% during this period.How much power would such a study have in distinguishingbetween case-fatality rates in 2000 and 2010-2015 if atwo-sided test with significance level .05 is planned?7.16 How large a sample is needed in Problem 7.15 toachieve 90% power?Pulmonary DiseaseSuppose the annual incidence of asthma in the generalpopulation among children 0-4 years of age is 1.4% forboys and 1% for girls.*7.17 If 10 cases are observed over 1 year among500 boys 0-4 years of age with smoking mothers, then testwhether there is a significant difference in asthma incidencebetween this group and the general population using thecritical-value method with a two-sided test.*7.18 Report a p-value corresponding to your answer toProblem 7.17.*7.19 Suppose that four cases are observed over 1 yearamong 300 girls 0-4 years of age with smoking mothers.Answer Problem 7.17 based on these data.*7.20 Report a p-value corresponding to your answer toProblem 7.19.GeneticsRibosomal 5S RNA can be represented as a sequenceof 120 nucleotides. Each nucleotide can be representedby one of four characters: A (adenine), G (guanine), C(cytosine), or U (uracil). The characters occur with differentprobabilities for each position. We wish to test whether anew sequence is the same as ribosomal 5S RNA. For thispurpose, we replicate the new sequence 100 times and findthere are 60 A's in the 20th position.7.21 If the probability of an A in the 20th position inribosomal 5S RNA is .79, then test the hypothesis that thenew sequence is the same as ribosomal 5S RNA using thecritical-value method.

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The degrees of freedom for the t-distribution, It is required to find the probability that a…

7.7 Use a computer program to compute the probability that a t distribution with 36 df exceeds 2.5.