7. For the following possible alternative fuels, express the higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) in Btu/gal (a) n-Decane (C1oH22), density 6.09 lb/gal, Ho -249.4 kJ/mol (b) n-Heptane (CH16), density 5.71 Ib/gal, Ho -187.9 kJ/mol (c) n-Hexane (CaH14), density 5.51 lb/gal, Ho-167.4 kJ/mol

4-2

investigate and analyse energy changes and rates of reaction in physical and chemical processes, and solve related problems; Metal A has a heat capacity of 0.450 J/goC while metal B has a heat capacity of 1.250 J/go C. If both metals are supplied with 1000.0 J of energy, which one will heat up more? Explain by describing what specific heat capacity defines (i.e. more than “this number is bigger/smaller”)

Please include your diagram, mass balances, and full work. Thank you.

1. For Aluminized ANFO derive the following a. Oxygen balanced equation 26. Heat of explosion (Kcal/kg) T8. Composition: i.e. pounds of ingredients and products for 100 lb of oxygen balanced explosive

Solve only 1st Qs Hint 1) Ans( S= 2918.13 kg/h,U = 2289. 49 W/m2 C)

Cyclohexane has a freezing point of 6.50∘C and a Kf of 20.0∘C/m. What is the freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl (C12H10) in 25.0 g of cyclohexane?

22

1. Consider a blast furnace which is charged with iron ore, coke and flux with the following composition: Iron ore (weight %): Fe2O3-78, SiO2-8.4, MnO=0.6, Al2O3-5.0, P₂Os=1.7, MgO=1.2 and H2O=5.1 Coke (weight %): C=88, SiO2-9, Al2O3-1 and H₂O=2 Flux (weight %): CaCO3-96%, MgCO3-2% and SiO2=2% And pig iron is produced with the following composition: Pig iron (weight %): Fe =92.7, C=4, Si=2, P=0.9 and Mn=0.4 The coke and flux rates are 900 and 425 kg/ton of pig iron, respectively. During smelting 99.5% of Fe is reduced and 0.5% is slagged. The CO/CO2 ratio in the top gas is 2/1. Calculate a) Weight of iron ore b) Weight and composition of slag c) Volume of air required d) Volume and %composition of exit gas.

Q6. Nickel at 650∘∘C has 1.50 x 1015 vacancies/cm3.  The atomic weight of Ni is 58.69 g/mol and the density at this temperature is 8.6 g/cm3. (10 points) (a) What is the activation energy required to create a vacancy in Ni?   (b) Ni is then cooled to 400∘∘C. What will be the number of vacancies per cubic centimeter? Assume that the change in the density in the cooling is negligible.