*7-56. The steel swivel bushing in the clevator control of an airplane is held in place using a nut and washer as shown in Fig. (a). Failure of the washer A can cause the push rod to separate as shown in Fig. (b). If the average shear stress is Tng = 145 MPa, determine the force F that must be applied to the bushing that will cause this to happen. The washer is 15 mm thick. 20 mm - (a) (b)

4–3. The composite shaft, consisting of aluminum, copper, and steel sections, is subjected to the loading shown. Determine the displacement of end A with respect to end D and the normal stress in each section. The cross-sectional area and modulus of elasticity for each section are shown in the figure. Neglect the size of the collars at B and C. *4–4. Determine the displacement of B with respect to C of the composite shaft in Prob. 4–3.

The bolt AB in (Figure 1) has a diameter of 18 mm and passes through a sleeve that has an inner diameter of 42 mm and an outer diameter of 52 mm. The bolt and sleeve are made of A-36 steel and are secured to the rigid brackets as shown. If the bolt length is 220 mm and the sleeve length is 200 mm, determine the tension in the bolt when a force of 50 kN is applied to the brackets.

The d = 17-mm-diameter solid rod passes through a D = 22-mm-diameter hole in the support plate. When a load P is applied to the rod, the rod head rests on the support plate. The support plate has a thickness of b = 10 mm. The rod head has a diameter of a = 34 mm, and the head has a thickness of t = 8 mm. The shear stress in the rod head cannot exceed 145 MPa, the punching shear stress in the support plate cannot exceed 100 MPa, and the bearing stress between the rod head and the support plate cannot exceed 145 MPa. Determine the maximum value of Pmax that can be supported by the structure.