6In primates, territoriality occurs when   females defend food or males defend access to females. females defend access to males or males defend food. males defend access to both food and females. females defend access to both food and males.

Describehow the actions of predators help to stabilize and maintain the 'health' of ecosystems by giving two different and explicit examples.

In primates, monogamy:    is related to dispersed resources            is common            is the norm only for humans            occurs mainly in species with low parental investment

Over time, species have evolved in response to interactions between predator and prey. These adaptations include the evolution of various defense mechanisms. Match the following defense mechanisms with the correct definition. Aposematic [Choose ] coloration Cryptic coloration [Choose ] Batesian Mimicry [Choose] Müllerian mimicry [Choose ]

When the benefits of living in a group are greater than the benefits of defending resources in a particular area, animals are likely to maintain O leks O territories O home ranges O a dominancy hierarchy

What is Bateman's principle? Bateman's principle Lots of sperm Feweggs Sperm must compete over eggs Vria iepaduivesc ie mudigae in males tan in female The vane isame ete emity of sa elecion Males must compete overfemales Lots of sperm Feweggs A Terrnitoral males direct more courtship dispiays towards females that have shown up on their teritory for the first time compared to long term females companions. Males must maimce the number of mates Preferencefor "new females A single bird eggmay constitute 15-20% of female's body mass Lots of sperm Few eggs Females must maimize reproductive success per egg CS Scanned with CamScanner

4 Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements about the birds.    The changed environment selected  ​ ​   For Against  the birds with smaller beaks. The population of birds with smaller beaks  ​ ​   increased decreased  because of an  ​ ​   increase decrease  in competition over small seeds.

What fitness benefits might a crayfish that exhibits subordinate behaviors gain?(either male or female)

Explain why dispersal behaviour shown amongst majority of species improves reproductive success.