6.68 Jet-type pumps are sometimes used for special purposes, such as to circulate the flow in basins in which fish are being reared. The use of a jet-type pump eliminates the need for mechanical machin- ery that might be injurious to the fish. The accompanying figure shows the basic concept for this type of application. For this type of basin the jets would have to increase the water surface elevation by an amount equal to 6V²/2g, where V is the average velocity in the basin (1 ft/s as shown in this example). Propose a basic design for a jet system that would make such a recirculating system work for a channel 8 ft wide and 4 ft deep. That is, determine the speed, size, and number of jets. Nozzle and jet 1 ft/s 8 ft Plan view Nozzle 22 Jet 4 ft Channel floor Pump View A-A PROBLEM 6.68

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Problem 2: Engineers sometimes use pipes as reactors in treatment plants. Suppose that the plant flow is 3.3ft3/s (about 2.1 million gallons per day, mgd) and a cylindrical pipe is to be used for disinfection.A. Draw a sketch of the system. Indicate the control volume by a dashed line. What kind of hydrodynamicmodel should you use for a pipe? What mixing conditions should you assume?B. Write the integrated mass balance equation for the pollutant in symbols at steady state. (“Integrated” meansthat your mass balance looks like: C = …) Define your symbols.C. For a pipe 3.5 feet in diameter and 50 feet long, what is the hydraulic residence time in minutes?D. For the pipe in Part C, what value of the first-order rate constant (in min–1) is needed to achieve a 99% removal of bacteria?

A 10 cm diameter solid cylinder of height 10 cm weighing 0.40 kg is immersed in a liquid (800 kg/cm^3) contained in a tall metal cylinder having a diameter of 13 cm. Before immersion, the liquid was 8 cm deep. At what level from the bottom will the solid cylinder float? W. = 0.40kg %3D 10cmo tank New L.S. Original L.S. F.