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- Which of the following is a true statement regarding sphingolipid synthesis? (A) The first step in sphingolipid synthesis is the condensation of palmitoyl CoA with aspartate to form b-ketosphinganine.(B) This process requires the reduction of a ketone that uses NADH as the reducing agent.(C) A fatty acid is attached to dihydrosphingosine to form dihydroceramide. (D) FAD is using as an oxidizing agent to remove a double bond from dihydroceramide.(E) The formation of sphingomyelin requires the attachment of a glucose or galactose molecule to ceramide.common and short-hand notation Name the following Fatty Acids using their systematic, ACTIVITY 8.1.1 1. CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 2. CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 3. CH3(CH2)10COOH 4. CH3(CH2)16COOH 5. CH3CH2(CH=CHCH2)3(CH2)6COOHPhosphopentose isomerase interconverts the aldose ribose 5-phosphate and the ketose ribulose 5-phosphate. Propose a mechanism.
- Rank the melting points of the following fatty acids from highest to lowest: (1) cis-oleic(18:1) (original cis configuration) (2) trans-oleic (18:1) (transformed to trans configuration) (3) linoleic (18:2) (4) stearic (18:0) (5) palmitic (16:0)5) A certain aerobic organism is able to metabolize the following glycolipid: "CH,OH OH HO OH A. Draw the 2 resulting structures that would occur upon initial hydrolysis of the O-glycosidic bond. B. Calculate how much ATP is formed upon complete aerobic oxidation of one mole of the compound. Assume that no ATP is produced when one mole of the glycosidic bond in the above compound is hydrolyzed. Show calculation below.Palmitic acid is a straight-chain saturated 16-carbon fatty acid. How many moles of malonyl-CoA are required for the synthesis of one mole of palmitic acid?
- 20.14 Predict the name of the enzyme that catalyzes each of the fol- lowing reactions: a. hydrolyzes sucrose b. transfers an amino group from aspartate c. removes a carboxylate group from pyruvate11.32) Identify the following as properties of either glycogen, amylopectin, both glycogen and amylopectin, or neither glycogen nor amylopectin. a) contains a-(1-6) glycosidic bonds both glycogen and a my lopectin b) contains ß-(1→6) glycosidic bonds neither glycogen nor amylopectin c) contains ß-(1→4) glycosidic bonds neither glycogen nor a mylopectin d) contains glucose and fructose residues only neither glycogen nor amylopectin e) homopolysaccharide both glycogen and a my lo pectin f) heteropolysaccharide neither glycogen nor a mylopectin g) branching occurs less frequently (glycogen or amylopectin) amy lo pectin h) contains helical structures both glycogen and amylopection i) found in plants amy lopectin(i) Describe the mechanism of chymotrypsin in cleaving a peptide bond, highlighting the roles of the catalytice triad for the two phases of the catalytic reactions. Explain the significance of the oxyanion hole for the catalysis. (ii) All serine proteases contain the catalytic triad and these amino acids are positioned in the exact same conformation. Since this is true, why do trypsin and chymotrypsin have such different substrate specificity? What features of the enzyme allow for this situation?
- Name the α-ketoacid that is formed by the transamination of each of the following amino acids: (a) Alanine (d) Leucine (b) Aspartate (e) Phenylalanine (c) Glutamate (f) Tyrosine15.6) Match each of the coenzymes listed below with the species that they transport. i) ADP (b) phosphate groups ii) Coenzyme A (CoA) (a) acyl groups iii) FAD (c) hydride ions (H:-) or electrons iv) Coenzyme Q (CoQ) (c) hydride ions (H:-)/electrons v) NAD+ (c) hydride ions (H:-)/electrons EXPLANATION: A coenzyme is a species that must bind to an enzyme in order for the enzyme to function. In most cases, a coenzyme is actually one of the substrates (reactants) in the catalyzed reaction. The reason that certain substrates are also referred to as coenzymes is that these substrates are common substrates in many different enzymatic reactions in which they donate electrons, atoms, or groups of atoms to other substrates, or accept electrons, atoms or groups of atoms from other substrates. The five group-transfer coenzymes that are central to the metabolization of food, along with the species each transfers are listed in the table on the right. transported species choices: a) acyl groups b)…Consider the complete oxidation of a mixed TAG containing the following fatty acid residues:At carbon 1: cerotic acidAt carbon 2: heptadecanoic acidAt carbon 3: palmitoleic acid Draw the structure of the mixed TAG.