6. For each of these arguments, explain which rules of inference are used for each step. a. "Doug, a student in this class, knows how to write programs in JAVA. Everyone who knows how to write program in JAVA can get a high paying job. Therefore, someone in this class can get a high-paying job" b. "Somebody in this class enjoys whale watching. Every person who enjoys whale watching cares about ocean pollution. Therefore, there is a person in this class who cares about ocean pollution"

Using the predicate symbols shown and appropriate quantifiers, write each English language statement as a predicate wff. (The domain is the whole world.)S(x): x is a spy novelL(x): x is longM(x): x is a mysteryB(x, y): x is better than ya. All spy novels are long.b. Not every mystery is a spy novel.c. Only mysteries are long.d. Some spy novels are mysteries.e. Spy novels are better than mysteries.f. Some mysteries are better than all spy novels.g. Only spy novels are better than mysteries.

2. For the following wffs, indicate which variables are free and which are bound (you can use 'F' for free and 'B' for bound.) Either (i) draw a vertical line underneath each variable with the letters 'F' or 'B' at the bottom of each vertical line or (ii) color the bound variables red and the free variables green. Make sure you know which symbols are variables. Not every symbol in the language of predicate logic is a variable. The reading (Scope, binding, and quantifier expansions) lists the symbols that are variables and the symbols that are names of objects (i.e., individual constants). Names of objects are not variables. You can also write the wffs on a piece of paper and submit a photo of it. (a) (Ex) (y) (z) ((Ayz --> Bzzy) v (Fxac --> Hzzu)) (b) (х) (у) Нууу --> (2) (Fzy v Hxх) (c) (Ez) (x) (у) (Ахyzbbw v Bxуcdvz)

Let p and q represent, respectively, the statements "Sharks have been spotted close to the shore" and "Swimming at the New Jersey Shore is permitted." Use an English phrase to express each of these compound assertions.

what inference can you draw from the given statement and set up the statement as a proposition? A) The dog has a shiny coat or loves to bark. The dog does not have a shiny coat. B) Paul is a good swimmer or Paul is a good swimmer and runner.

Write the code in python programming for the below problem. Introduction One useful data point in detecting fraud is the account history of a customer. For an account, we receive notification of purchases and, sometimes, reports of fraud. Typically, a prior report of fraud for an account would increase the perceived risk of fraud on future transactions. Similarly, a history of non-fraudulent purchases for an account would decrease the risk of fraud. A credit card holder has 90 days to report any fraudulent transactions with the card. So if an account has purchases over 90 days old and no reports of fraud, we assume that these older purchases were not-fraudulent. Problem Description The purpose of this programming problem is to determine the status of a customer account history at the time a new purchase is made. The input is a sequence of customer account events, in chronological order. Each event has three fields, all of which are of string type ,, For example:…

Explain why the following argument is invalid using a counter-example.Explain how it proves its invalidity.1. Candy gives you cavities2. Anything you stick in the freezer isn’t candy3. Nothing in the freezer gives you cavities

Explain what's wrong with the following argument. "A convertible car is fun to drive. Isaac's car is not a convertible. Therefore, Isaac's car is not fun to drive."

Suppose P and Q are the statements: P: Jack passed math. Q: Jill passed math. (a) Translate “Jack and Jill both passed math” into symbols. (b) Translate “If Jack passed math, then Jill did not” into symbols. (c) Translate “P ∨ Q” into English. (d) Translate “¬(P ∧ Q) → Q” into English.

Using letters H, K, A for the component statements, translate the following compound statements into symbolic notation.a. If the horse is fresh, then the knight will win.b. The knight will win only if the horse is fresh and the armor is strong.c. A fresh horse is a necessary condition for the knight to win.d. The knight will win if and only if the armor is strong.e. A sufficient condition for the knight to win is that the armor is strong or the horse is fresh.