5.5 How many crosspoints are needed in a 1024-line, three-stage space switch if the input loading is six common-channel signals per line and the maximum accept- able blocking probability (using a Lee graph analysis) is 0.005? (a) If n = 16, N/n = 64 (b) If n = 32, N/n = 32 (c) If n = 64, N/n = 16

Problem 1(a). Given the BIT circuit helow determine the voltages at the base and collector, and Ihe currents at the base and emitler. Assume 8- 120. (10 poinis) 15V R-6k Ru:- 90k lu Va Ra 45k Re- 4k Ans. Va In- Ve- Problem 1(b). Using the same circuit given in Problem 1, assume B= z (infinity). calculate the collector voltage and emitter curent. (S points) Ars. Ve=

C D .accepts this data and redistributes it to the n outputs. encoder De-multiplexer are faster in speed because the delay between the input and. * *.accepts this data and redistributes it to the n outputs. Decoder O output is due to the propagation delay of gate combinational circuit O Sequential network O Integrated circuit O Decoder O encoder O De-multiplexer

a) i) Determine the number of bits per level required when using FSK with 4 different frequencies and QAM with a constellation of 256 points. ii) We want to digitise a signal that contains frequencies between 100 Hz and 1500 Hz, assuming 16 bits per sample. The digitised signal will be transmitted using a QPSK process. Determine the bit rate and the level rate. iii) We need to send 210,000 bits per second over a noiseless channel using 128- QAM. Determine the required bandwidth.

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Q2: In the 7-segment display, derive an SOP expression for segment ('f )'using the input variables WXYZ and theń expression using Karnaugh map (each digit represented by a BCD codě). minimize the

See the figure below for Manchester scheme on CH-1 of Scope. Write the corresponding input bit stream. DE

III. Theory/ Discussion 1) Arduino IDE consists of 2 functions. What are they? a) else () and loop () b) Setup () and build () c) Setup () and loop () d) Setup () and elseif () 2) When forward biased, LED emits light because of Recombination of carriers and Light produced by collisions. 3) ATmega328p microprocessor is used in arduino UNO. (TRUE/FALSE) (TRUE/FALSE) IV. Circuit Diagram (Before Simulation) Draw the circuit and write the program codes by considering input pin as A2 and output and output pin as 9 for green, 10 for yellow LED & 11 for red LED. Also verify the results if (gas >= 100) red LED should glow, if (gas >= 60) yellow LED should glow, otherwise green LED should glow. V. Connection Diagram and Results after simulation hp

Most Digital transmission are "self-clocking " in that they derive the bit synchronization from the signal itself. To do this, the system use the transitions between positive and negative voltage levels. These transition help define the boundaries of the bit intervals. a) Plot the NRZ-L signal for the data stream 4 bits of 1s followed by 4 bits of Os. Explain why this code has a synchronization problem? b) Repeat part ) for Manchester encoding scheme and explain how the synchronization problem has been addressed.

H.w:-using an adder/subractor.cot to Canvert from BCD ade to Ex-3 Cde ?