5.14. SDN implementation of Dijkstra’s
Group of answer choices
a. When executing, Dijkstra’s algorithm will need to send messages to all of the routers to gather their link costs.
b. When executing, Dijkstra’s algorithm will use the link-state
c. When executing, Dijkstra’s algorithm will execute within the
d. When executing, Dijkstra’s algorithm will run as a network control application “on top” on the SDN controller.
e. If a router’s forwarding table should be changed as a result of running Dijkstra’s algorithm, the new flow table for that router will be updated by the SDN controller via the southbound API using the Openflow protocol.
f. If a router’s forwarding table should be changed as a result of running Dijkstra’s algorithm, the implementation of Dijkstra’s algorithm will determine the routers needing updated flow tables, and send the new flow tables to them directly using the OSPF protocol.
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- 4.3-4a. IPv4/IPv6 co-existence: tunneling (a). Consider the mixed IPv4/IPv6 network shown b where an IPv4 tunnel exists between IPv6 routers B and E. Suppose that IPv6 router A sends a datagram to IPv6 router F. IPv6 datagrams are shown in blue; the IPv4 datagram is in red (cont. the encapsulated IPv6 datagram in blue). A IPv6 (a) B IPv6/v4 IPv4 (b) At point (a), the IP version field in the datagram is: At point (a), the source IP address is that of host: D IPv4 Perform the matching below to indicate the datagram field value and type at point (a). At point (a), the destination IP address is that of host: At point (a), the number of bits in the destination IP address is: E IPv6/v4 IPv6 (c) [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]arrow_forwardSuppose we have switches S1 through S4; the forwarding-table destinations are the switches themselves. The tables for S2 and S3 are as below, where the next_hop value is specified in neighbor form: S2: ⟨S1,S1⟩ ⟨S3,S3⟩ ⟨S4,S3⟩ S3: ⟨S1,S2⟩ ⟨S2,S2⟩ ⟨S4,S4⟩ From the above we can conclude that S2 must be directly connected to both S1 and S3 as its table lists them as next_hops; similarly, S3 must be directly connected to S2 and S4. (a). The given tables are consistent with the network diagrammed in exercise 6.0. Are the tables also consistent with a network in which S1 and S4 are not directly connected? If so, give such a network; if not, explain why S1 and S4 must be connected. (b). Now suppose S3’s table is changed to the following. Find a network layout consistent with these tables in which S1 and S4 are not directly connected. Do not add additional switches. S3: ⟨S1,S4⟩ ⟨S2,S2⟩ ⟨S4,S4⟩ While the table for S4 is not given, you may assume that forwarding does work correctly.…arrow_forward1. Consider the following protocol for adding money to a debit card. (i) User inserts debit card into debit card machine. (ii) Debit card machine determines current value of card (in dollars), which is stored in variable x. (iii) User inserts dollars into debit card machine and the value of the inserted dollars is stored in variable y. (iv) User presses enter button on debit card machine. (v) Debit card machine writes value of x + y dollars to debit card and ejects card. Recall the discussion of race conditions. This particular protocol has a race condition. a. What is the race condition in this protocol? b. Describe a possible attack that exploits the race condition. c. How could you change the protocol to eliminate the race condition, or at least make it more difficult to exploit?arrow_forward
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- 11 Using Dijkstra's link-state routing algorithm, calculate routes from node v to all other nodes. 5 3 W- 5 2 1 1 2 -X- 1 Show your work by filling the following table. The 7 rows in the table does not indicate you will finish the calculation in 7 steps, modify the table as needed. NOTE: when there is a tie, i.e., two nodes have the same distance to N’, always use the node that is lower in the alphabetical order. For example, in the first step, D(u) and D(x) are both 2, you will include node u into the new N' because u is lower in the alphabet than x. N' D(u),p(u) D(w),p(w) D(x),p(x) D(y),p(y) D(y),p(y)_D(z),p(z) Step 0 1 6 Fill the following routing table, for each destination node, the outgoing link should be one of (v, u), (v, x), or (v, w). destination outgoing link u X у 2345 WN Z 3 Zarrow_forward6.4-2 Network- and Link-layer addressing: an end-to-end-scenario (1b). Consider the network shown below. The IP and MAC addresses are shown for hosts A, B, C and D, as well as for the router's interfaces. Consider an IP datagram being sent from node B to node D. Match the source/destination network- or link-layer address at the location (4) by choosing a value from the pulldown list. [Note: You can find more examples problems similar to this here.] 49-FA-BO-3C-E2-70 128.119.50.60 68-01-BC-58-AF-24 128.119.50.107 4C-9D-AA-74-D6-1F 128.119.240.52 77-34-F1-EF-14-72 128.119.97.18 (1) (2) (5) 72-9E-4A-31-9C-42 128.119.240.15 D5-A0-EE-9A-73-D5 128.119.240.116 CC-A5-81-OB-AE-33 128.119.97.194 What is the source MAC address on the frame at point (4)? 1.128.119.50.60 * What is the destination MAC address on the frame at point (4)? 2.72-9E-4A-31-9C-42 e What is the source IP address of the datagram at point (4)? 3. 128.119,50.107 - What is the destination IP address of the datagram at point (4)?…arrow_forward4.04-1. IPV4/IPV6 co-existence: tunneling (a). Consider the mixed IPV4/IPV6 network shown below, where an IPV4 tunnel exists between IPV6 routers B and E. Suppose that IPV6 router A sends a datagram to IPV6 router F. IPV6 datagrams are shown in blue; the IPV4 datagram is in red (containing the encapsulated IPV6 datagram in blue). A B C D E F IPV6 IPV6/v4 IPV4 IPV4 IPV6/v4 IPV6 (a) (b) (c) Perform the matching below to indicate the datagram field value and type at point (a). [Note: You can find more examples of problems similar to this here.] ]At point (a), the IP version field in the datagram is: A. D В. А v At point (a), the source IP address is that of host: C IPV4 At point (a), the destination IP address is that of host: D. 128 Е. В At point (a), the number of bits in the destination F. F IP address is: G. IPV6 Н. 32arrow_forward
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