5. A horizontal uninsulated steam pipe passes through a large room whose wall and ambient air are at 300 K. The air in the room is quiescent. The pipe of 150-mm diameter has an emissivity of 0.85 and an outer surface temperature of 400 K. Calculate the heat loss per unit length from the pipe.
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- 3. An electric immersion heater, 10 mm in diameter and 300 mm long, is rated at 550 W. The emissivity of the heater is ε = 0.85. a) If the heater is horizontally positioned in a large tank of water at 20°C, estimate its surface temperature. b) If the heater is accidentally operated in air at 20°C, estimate the surface temperature. Hint: Radiation heat transfer can be neglected in liquids, but not in gases like air.Problem: Convection related A horizontal uninsulated steam pipe passes through a large room whose walls and ambient air are at 300 K. The pipe of 125-mm diameter has an emissivity of 0.85 and an outer surface temperature of 373 K. Calculate the rate of heat loss per unit length from the pipe.Spacecraft must be cooled via radiative mechanisms, and one means of doing this is by using radiation fins. In many instances, these fins are heated rods that protrude from the spacecraft. Assume that the rod is of length, L; cross-sectional are, Ac; and perimeter, Pā. Its base temperature is T, and the rod has thermal conductivity and emissivity, λ and ɛ, respectively. Set up the differential equation describing the temperature profile within the rod assuming that space is a blackbody at Ts.
- 2. A heater is a thin vertical panel 1.0m long and 0.7m high and is used in a warehouse to keep workers warm. The heater has air circulating on each side. Assume the maximum temperature of the panel is 60°C (already above the board line that is safe for human hands to touch briefly without getting hurt). Assume the room air temperature is 18°C but the warehouse wall temperature is 5°C. Model the surface with an emittance of 0.9 and Vair = 1.57x105 m²/s. a. Determine the maximum power rating for the heater. b. Now if you run the heat by standing on its side (it will be 1.0 m high and 0.7 m long), determine the surface temperature. c. Compare case a and b and explain any differences you see.A vertical cavity wall of a house has 2.7 m height and 10 m width. The cavity space in the wall has length of 30 cm and involves quiescent air. During a winter day surface of the cavity towards indoors is 15 °C, whereas other surface towards outdoors is 5 °C. a. Calculate the natural convection heat transfer rate across the cavity? b. If the emissivity of the cavity surfaces is 0.7 what is the total heat transfer rate across the cavity? T₂ = 5 °C T₁-15 °C Indoors Cavity Quiescent air | L= 30 cm | H= 2.7 m Width of the wall is 10 m OutdoorsThe small horizontal metal tube with an OD of 0.05 m, 0.1 m long, and with a surface temperature of 25 C is in a very large furnace enclosure with firebrick walls and the surrounding air at 500 C. The emissivity of the metal tube is 0.6. Calculate the net heat transfer to the tube by radiation in Watts.
- A long, horizontal, cylindrical steel reactor, 1 m in diameter, has a surface temperature of 300ºC. The emissivity of the steel is 0.6, and the heat transfer coefficient for natural convection is 5 W m−2 K−1 . Heat is lost by convection to the air at 15ºC, and also by radiation to the surroundings, which can be considered to be a black body at 15ºC. a) Calculate the total heat loss per metre length of the reactor, and the proportions lost by convection and radiation b) The reactor is then insulated with a thin layer of insulation material to reduce the total heat loss to one-tenth of its original value. This causes the surface temperature of the steel to rise to 400ºC. The thermal conductivity of the insulation is 0.01 W m−1 K−1 , and its surface emissivity is 0.2. Show that the resulting surface temperature of the insulation is about 89ºC, and calculate the thickness of insulation required, stating any assumptions made. Specifically need help with part b(25 pt) A vertical cavity wall of a house has 2.7 m height and 10 m width. The cavity space in the wall has length of 30 cm and involves quiescent air. During a winter day surface of the cavity towards indoors is 15 °C, whereas other surface towards outdoors is 5 °C. a. Calculate the natural convection heat transfer rate across the cavity? b. If the emissivity of the cavity surfaces is 0.7 what is the total heat transfer rate across the cavity? T₂ = 5 °C T₁-15 °C Indoors Cavity Quiescent air | L= 30 cm | H= 2.7 m Width of the wall is 10 m OutdoorsA long, horizontal, cylindrical steel reactor, 1 m in diameter, has a surface temperature of 300ºC. The emissivity of the steel is 0.6, and the heat transfer coefficient for natural convection is 5 W m−2 K−1 . Heat is lost by convection to the air at 15ºC, and also by radiation to the surroundings, which can be considered to be a black body at 15ºC. a) Calculate the total heat loss per metre length of the reactor, and the proportions lost by convection and radiation. b) The reactor is then insulated with a thin layer of insulation material to reduce the total heat loss to one-tenth of its original value. This causes the surface temperature of the steel to rise to 400ºC. The thermal conductivity of the insulation is 0.01 W m−1 K−1 , and its surface emissivity is 0.2. Show that the resulting surface temperature of the insulation is about 89ºC, and calculate the thickness of insulation required, stating any assumptions made. can you solve part b please?
- An infrared camera is used to measure a temperature at a tissue location. The infrared camera uses the same equation as that in the lecture notes. When the total hemispherical emissivity is selected as &=1.0, the temperature reading on the camera is 45°C. (a) Based on the equation given in the notes, please calculate the radiation heat flux received by the camera qck. The Stefan-Boltzmann's constant ois 5.67*108 W/(m²K¹). (b) However, you notice that the actual emissivity of the tissue surface should be 0.95. The room temperature is 20°C. Use the equation again to calculate the temperature of the tissue location, note that qck should be the same as in (a). What is the absolute error of the measurement if both the room temperature and deviation from a perfect blackbody surface are not considered?A thermocouple is used to measure the temperature of hot gas flowing in a duct having a wall temperature of 700 K. The temperature indicated by the thermocouple is 900 K. Estimate the true temperature of the air. Take the duct walls to be effectively "black", the emissivity of the thermocouple bead to be 0.2 and the convective heat-transfer coefficient between gas and thermocouple bead to be 160 W/m2 K. Assume conduction along the lead wires to be negligible. O a. 729.48 K O b. 1029.48 K O c. 829.48 K O d. 929.48 K7. A 1.5-cm diameter, electrically heated sphere is placed in a quiescent air at 20°C. Calculate the amount of heat to be supplied by the electric heater in order to keep the surface temperature of the sphere at 100°C.