5) A heat pump design is proposed that provides 30 kW heat while consuming 12 kW electrical power. The high – and low temperature reservoirs are 310K and 250 K, respectively. a) Show that the cycle satisfies Clausius's principle b) Show that the cycle satisfies Carnot's principle

4. What is the second law of thermodynamics, give its Clausius and Kelvin-Planck statements and justify on their basis why a perpetual motion machines that extracts heat from ambient environment to do work is not feasible. What is difference between reversible and an internally reversible process, and why are most actual processes considered irreversible. Numerical:

(A) the net heat energy absorbed during a cyclic process (the difference between heat flowing into the system and heat leaving the system) is the work. If we regard the atmosphere as a heat engine, what is the work being done by the atmosphere? That is, what phenomenon or phenomena are a realization of the work being done by the atmosphere? (B) Of all possible heat engines, the Carnot cycle has the maximum efficiency between any two operating temperatures (think of these temperatures as the maximum and minimum temperatures encountered during the cycle). Estimate the Carnot efficiency of Earth's atmosphere. [Hint: Think about the temperature variation with latitude.] (C) Do you think the efficiency of the real atmosphere would be "close" or "far" from the Carnot efficiency? Please explain your answer.