4. Cis peptide bonds are rarely found in proteins because they are about 8 kJ/mole less stable than the trans isomer. However, in the rare instances where they are present, they are followed by a Pro residue. In fact, about 10% of the proline residues in proteins are found following a cis peptide bond. Why would a Pro following a cis peptide bond make a difference
Q: Which of the following fatty acids is NOT common and naturally occurring?
A: In-order to answer this question, first we have name these fatty acids numerically. For this ,…
Q: the structural differences between fatty acids (cis and trans double bonds), diacylglycerols,…
A: Lipids are biomolecule which is soluble in non-polar solvents and insoluble in polar solvents.…
Q: Structures of L-Cysteine from highly protonated to depronated form. Note Structure A as the most…
A: A buffer is a solution that can resist changes in pH when small quantities of acid or base is added…
Q: Explain the Compartmental Analysis?
A: The area of pharmacology known as pharmacokinetics (PK) studies how a medication interacts with the…
Q: You are given a protein solution with a concentration of 0.15 mg/ml. Suppose that we want to prepare…
A: An analyte must be present in detectable concentrations. Depending on the requirements of the…
Q: 3. The sample solution gives po sitive ninhydrin and Foli's tests. What substances are expected to…
A: Ninhydrin and foli's tests are used to detect amino acids with certain properties. Amino acids are…
Q: Lysine is degraded to acetoacetyl-CoA then to acetyl-CoA, and is described as a _______ amino…
A: Lysine and arginine are broken down into acetoacetyl CoA and Acetyl CoA respectively. The process…
Q: There are different types of fatty acids that we will be discussed in the unit about lipids. The…
A: Fatty acids are organic molecules that act as the components of lipids. Fatty acids are classified…
Q: In fatty acid biosynthesis, where does the addition of unsaturation to the hydrocarbon tall occurs?…
A: Fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell by the Fatty acid synthase enzyme…
Q: QUESTION 4 What was the distance (in cm) traveled by the SAMPLE B in the TLC below: solvent front…
A: TLC is a separation technique in which solutes or molecules are separated on the basis of their…
Q: where did we get the nM from?
A: According to Beer's-Lambert law states that the absorbance of the solution is directly proportional…
Q: Given the template DNA sequence: 3’ - TAC - CAG - GTT - ACC - ATC - 5’ A.) What will be the…
A: Note : Hi ! Thank you for the question. We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time. Since…
Q: Imagine that you are Gram staining a mixed culture of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.…
A: The bacteria cell envelope is a complex multilayered structure and based on this structure the…
Q: You have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that…
A: Recall that the Nernst equation for calculating reversal potential is: Eion = RT/Zf log [Co]/[Ci]…
Q: Which of the following statements about the ß-oxidation cycle is/are TRUE? A. The fatty acyl…
A: In the Beta-oxidation of fatty acid cycle, there are four steps involved : 1. First Oxidation -…
Q: 9.3 Identify which of the following are a-amino acids. CH3 | H₂N-C-COOH CH, a. b. H H₂N-C-CH₂-COOH…
A: The proteins are constituted of 20 naturally occurring amino acids. The amino acids are all alpha…
Q: Proteins tracked by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) showed that they are ALL…
A: Introduction: Fluorescent markers get excited at a particular wavelength of light and undergo…
Q: Which of the following treatments would be most useful in removing integral membrane proteins from a…
A: Based in the fluid mosaic model, cellular membrane are a lipid bilayers with proteins embedded in…
Q: Vit K:synthesis of Ca-binding proteins for blood clotting U Vit C:anti-oxidant Vit E:remove free…
A: Vitamins are divided into 2 classes fat (lipid) soluble :- vitamins A, D, E and K water soluble :-…
Q: After blood collection, the red cells are separated from the serum to be used for the preparation of…
A: For separation, we used to collect the blood from a patient in a red-capped tube (plain vial) or…
Q: Electrically neutral molecules can pass through cell membranes more easily than charged molecules…
A: Cell membrane are composed of phospholipids, hence only electrically neutral molecules, smaller in…
Q: Which of the following is CORRECT about the movement of e- in photosynthesis? A. H20 → Pheo → PQ →…
A: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants utilise sunlight to generate energy required for their…
Q: HO
A: Fatty acids must first enter the cell through the cell membrane, then bind to coenzyme A (CoA),…
Q: 6. The qualitative tests for determination of a-amino acids (ninhydrin test, xanthoproteic test,…
A: Qualitative tests help to determine the presence of a substance by producing a visible change in…
Q: Which of the following accessory pigments is the first e- acceptor? A. ferredoxin B. pheophytin…
A: Photosystems are light-harvesting complexes found within chloroplasts. Their primary function is to…
Q: Determine the original polypeptide sequence that would give the following results. Amino acids…
A: Peptides are polymers of amino acids linked via a covalent peptide bond. The peptide bond formation…
Q: Which of the following is/are NOT (an) essential fatty acids? A. arachidonic acid B. linoleic acid…
A: Essential fatty acids can be defined as those fatty acids which body cannot synthesis but are…
Q: I have the substrate concentration as 20, 40 , 65 and the V(mol/min) no inhibitor 602, 690, 833 and…
A: MM plot is Michaelis menton plot that is constructed with Substrate concentration on x axis and Vo…
Q: Write TRUE or FALSE. If false, write the word/s that make(s) the statement incorrect. 1.Ile and…
A: Proteins are made up of amino acids and these amino acids are linked via peptide bond. The amino…
Q: Draw the structures of L-Cysteine from highly protonated to depronated form. Note Structure A as the…
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are bound together by peptide linkage. Amino acids…
Q: Enzyme Urease Chymotrypsin Alcohol Dehydrogenase Lysozyme Enzyme Official Name (write N/A if…
A: Urease- an enzyme produced by many bacteria, fungi etc. It hydrolyzes urea into ammonia and carbon…
Q: 3. Precipitation of proteins from aqueous solutions is caused by: A. Appearance of the charge of…
A: Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Therefore they are soluble in water as most of the amino acids…
Q: Phospholipase responsible for the tissue damage after spider bite? a.A1 b.A2 c.D d.C
A: Phospholipase (PLA) is a lipolytic enzymes which cleaves the phospholipid substrates at specific…
Q: 21) Chemical energy in sugars is converted into energy the cell can use in the A) mitochondria. B)…
A: Metabolism is the set of reactions that are essential to sustain life. Anabolic and catabolic…
Q: Which of the following pair of substances are products of the citric acid cycle? a) Acetyl CoA and…
A: Introduction: The citric acid cycle also known as Kreb's cycle is the final common oxidative…
Q: Which of the following Fischer formulas is/are monosaccharide that has two chiral centers? Н Н Т Н-…
A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They can be classified into monosaccharides,…
Q: 9.-A-medical-student studies a waste disposal-system- in human epithelial cells. During electronic…
A: In the cell there are different organelles which are involved in various function involved in our…
Q: Enzyme Triacylglycerol Lipase Rennin Catalase Hexokinase Enzyme Official Name (write N/A if…
A: Enzymes are usually comprise of proteins which work as a catalyst and increase the rate of reaction…
Q: Formation of the 70S ribosomal initiation complex for prokaryotic translation requires: a.tRNAfMet…
A: 70S ribosomal initiation complex is formed at the end of initiation step in Prokaryotic translation.…
Q: Which of the following is true about lipid bilayers? A. They are self-forming. B. They are…
A: Lipid bilayers are bimembrane covering or also called as the plasma membrane of the cell. These are…
Q: Select the correct terms: The genetic code demonstrates (ambiguity / redundancy) because some amino…
A: Genetic code is a set of rules that are followed in translation of genetic material in the form of…
Q: Which of the following statements does NOT apply to Mg2+ It is important in the mammalian aldolase…
A: Mammalian aldolase (Class I aldolase) catalyzes the aldol condensation reaction where fructose…
Q: The following are essential amino acids, except; Isoleucine Tryptophan…
A: Proteins are made up of amino acids and each amino acid has different functional group (R- group).…
Q: 1) All Lamino acids have an S absolute configuration except L-cysteine, which has the R…
A: Cysteine contains a Sulfhydryl group in its side chain that is attached to the asymmetric carbon or…
Q: Structure and Function of DNA and RNA
A: DNA and RNA are nucleic acid which is comprise of nucleotide base (adenine, thymine, guanine,…
Q: Draw the peptide SMILE @ pH = 5. What is the net charge? What is the PI?
A: A peptide is a sequence of amino acids that are joined together through peptide bonds. The…
Q: Calculate the extinction coeficcient where the concentration is in mg/ml and the path length is in…
A: A protein is composed of 20 naturally occurring amino acids. The proteins show an absorbance at 280…
Q: 2.- An electron micrograph of a cell- shows two- different organelles that break down proteins.…
A: Proteins are specialized molecules that carry out various functions inside the cell such as…
Q: CHM3413-Neutral vs lonized consider the table of drugs shown below and their respective pka…
A: The compound left over after an acid gets deprotonated is called its conjugate base. The compound…
Q: Full explanation differentiate dna and rna
A: The biological macromolecules can be broadly classified a nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and…
4. Cis peptide bonds are rarely found in proteins because they are about 8 kJ/mole less stable than the trans isomer. However, in the rare instances where they are present, they are followed by a Pro residue. In fact, about 10% of the proline residues in proteins are found following a cis peptide bond. Why would a Pro following a cis peptide bond make a difference?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- The first and major effect in denaturation of proteins is that: a. peptide bonds break. b. helices unwind. c. sheet structures unfold. d. tertiary structure is changed. e. quaternary structures disassemble.Below is the structure of glycine. Draw a tripeptide composed exclusively of glycine. Label the N-terminus and C-terminus. Draw a box around the peptide bonds.1. a. Draw the following pentapeptide: lysine-leucine-aspartate-threonine-phenylalanine b. Label the amino and carboxyl terminus of your peptide c. Label each amino acid residue with one and three letter abbreviations d. Label the alpha carbons e. Label the bonds around which phi and psi rotational angles occur f. Which amino acid in this chain is most likely to be phosphorylated? Which amino acid is most likely to be acetylated?
- 4. What is the net charge (approximately) on the polypeptide shown below at pH 12.5? Lys - Arg - Val-Cys - Glu2. a. In the following diagram of a portion of a protein, label the types of interactions that are shown. b. What level of protein structure are these interactions producing? b. CH CH3 CH3 Polypeptide backbone CH2 H3C H3Ç 10 CH С—ОН - CH,-S-S-CH,- а. CH2 с. -CH,-CH,-CH2-CH2-NH 0-C-CH2- d.4. The molecular structure of the last 12 amino acid residues (dodecapeptide) that comprise the C- terminal segment of semaglutide is shown below. NH₂ H₂N NH HO NH NH CH 3 NH CH3 CH 3 NH NH ΝΗ CH3 CH3 O NH H3C NH CH3 a) Determine the sequence of the dodecapeptide in one-letter code: b) Convert your sequence in (a) into three-letter code: H₂N. NH NH NH NH H₂N NH NH NH Im c) How many of the a-carbons in this peptide sequence are chiral? d) How many peptide bonds are in this peptide? e) Predict the overall charge of this peptide at physiological pH. f) A biochemist synthesized the C-terminal dodecapeptide version of semaglutide but found that there were other contaminating peptides. Based on your answer in (4.e), which ion exchange chromatography technique would you use to effectively purify the dodecapeptide from the mixture? (encircle one) anion exchange cation exchange g) Briefly explain your answer in (4.f).
- 6. b. Draw a box around the disulfide bridge in oxytocin, if present, or write "none". 7. Mark each peptide bond in oxytocin by making the corresponding line in the structure thicker or marking it with a different color. The first one is shown for you as an example (in dark orange). 8. Number the central carbon of each amino acid in oxytocin by pointing a small arrow to it or by circling the corresponding vertex in the image. Numbers 1 and 2 indicate the central carbons of the first and second amino acids of oxytocin, and are shown for you as an example. 9. Fill out the following table, listing amino acids that make up oxytocin in order, from the N terminus to the C terminus, characterizing each amino acid by the properties of its R group (side chains), and briefly indicating the reasoning for the characterization. You may consult amino acid groupings by category in the slides (or the textbook, p.49), but you must explain the reasoning for each in your own words. CO 1 AA# Abbre- Full…1.a.If this molecule was the side chain of an amino acid, in a protein, what tertiary structure stabilizers could be present? b.Make a key and use color to highlight what part of you structure can be stabilized in each manner?1. What will happen if there is a change in the configuration of a protein molecule? Provide an example. 2. Give the IUPAC name for Ala-Gly-Leu
- 3. A. Briefly discuss the four levels of structure in proteins. Knowing that the 3-dimensional shape of a protein is important to its function, discuss on a qualitative basis whether the changes below will likely alter the function of a protein, justifying your answer with why or why not. B. What would happen to a protein's functionality if a serine residue were replaced with threonine? C. What would happen if serine were replaced with leucine? D. What would happen if serine were replaced with cysteine? E. What would happen if aspartic acid were replaced with tryptophan in the part of the protein (an enzyme) that serves as an active site to catalyze a reaction? F. What would happen if aspartic acid were replaced with tryptophan in a non-active site?4) For various amino acid pairs (for example: F to A, E to R, D to N, V to L, S to W), ask yourself: a) Based on what you know about the chemical properties of the side chains, what effect would you expect on the stability of the protein if you mutated one residue of the pair into the other in the interior of the protein? What forces might have an impact on this change (ie: what types of interactions would you expect that amino acid to be involved in?) How would your answer change if the amino acid were located on the surface of the protein? b) c)7. Identify the primary structure of a hexapeptide containing five different amino acids if the following smaller peptides are among the partial hydrolysis products: Gly-Cys, Ala-Ser, Ala-Gly, and Cys-Val-Ala