4. Lead-acid batteries are used in automobiles. The oxidation and reduction half-reactions are: Pb(s) + HSO4 → PbSO4(s) + H* + 2 e R PbO2(s) + 3 H* + HSO4 + 2 e → PBSO4(s) + 2 H2O(1) E° = +0.356 V E° = +1.685 V %3D a. Write out the complete balanced redox equation and calculate its standard potential (E°). Pb (6)+ Pb02(6)+ 2H+ (aq) +2HS04 (aq 2 Pb s04 (S) + Erell = 1,685--0-356 = 2.041 V 21,0() b. Write out the reaction quotient expression (Q) for this system. (Producks) Peactants) %3D (H+] CHSO4]² c. Calculate the actual voltage (E) generated by the battery at 100.0 °C when [H]= [HSO4] = 18.1 M E cell = €°cell - 2.30 327 1oga = 2.041-2.30ls.314)(393) Ecell= 2.227 v 20g 2.96485 (8.)?(18.D3 = 2.041- [0.037 log TO T07383-3 = 2,041+0,1861 d. If a higher (positive) voltage is desired, can this be accomplished by lowering the operational temperature? ... by adding water to dilute the H* and HSO4 species in the battery? Justify your answers.

4. Lead-acid batteries are used in automobiles. The oxidation and reduction half-reactions are: Pb(s) + HSO4 → PbSO4(s) + H* + 2 e R PbO2(s) + 3 H* + HSO4 + 2 e → PBSO4(s) + 2 H2O(1) E° = +0.356 V E° = +1.685 V %3D a. Write out the complete balanced redox equation and calculate its standard potential (E°). Pb (6)+ Pb02(6)+ 2H+ (aq) +2HS04 (aq 2 Pb s04 (S) + Erell = 1,685--0-356 = 2.041 V 21,0() b. Write out the reaction quotient expression (Q) for this system. (Producks) Peactants) %3D (H+] CHSO4]² c. Calculate the actual voltage (E) generated by the battery at 100.0 °C when [H]= [HSO4] = 18.1 M E cell = €°cell - 2.30 327 1oga = 2.041-2.30ls.314)(393) Ecell= 2.227 v 20g 2.96485 (8.)?(18.D3 = 2.041- [0.037 log TO T07383-3 = 2,041+0,1861 d. If a higher (positive) voltage is desired, can this be accomplished by lowering the operational temperature? ... by adding water to dilute the H* and HSO4 species in the battery? Justify your answers.

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter17: Electrochemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 135CWP: Consider a galvanic cell based on the following half-reactions: a. What is the expected cell...

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A solution contains the ions H+, Ag+, Pb2+, and Ba2+, each at a concentration of 1.0 M. (a) Which of these ions would be reduced first at the cathode during an electrolysis? (b) After the first ion has been completely removed by electrolysis, which is the second ion to be reduced? (c) Which, if any, of these ions cannot be reduced by the electrolysis of the aqueous solution?
At 298 K, the solubility product constant for Pb(IO3)2 is 2.6 1013, and the standard reduction potential of the Pb2+(aq) to Pb(s) is 0.126 V. (a) Find the standard potential of the half-reaction Pb(IO3)2(s)+2ePb(s)+2IO3(aq) (Hint: The desired half-reaction is the sum of the equations for the solubility product and the reduction of Pb2+. Find G for these two reactions, and add them to find G for their sum. Convert the G to the potential of the desired half-reaction.) (b) Calculate the potential of the Pb/Pb(IO3)2 electrode in a 3.5 103 M solution of NaIO3.
At 298 K, the solubility product constant for PbC2O4 is 8.5 1010, and the standard reduction potential of the Pb2+(aq) to Pb(s) is 0.126 V. (a) Find the standard potential of the half-reaction PbC2O4(s)+2ePb(s)+C2O42(aq) (Hint: The desired half-reaction is the sum of the equations for the solubility product and the reduction of Pb2+. Find G for these two reactions and add them to find G for their sum. Convert the G to the potential of the desired half-reaction.) (b) Calculate the potential of the Pb/PbC2O4 electrode in a 0.025 M solution of Na2C2O4.
What is the standard cell potential you would obtain from a cell at 25C using an electrode in which Hg22+(aq) is in contact with mercury metal and an electrode in which an aluminum strip dips into a solution of Al3+(aq)?
An electrolysis experiment is performed to determine the value of the Faraday constant (number of coulombs per mole of electrons). In this experiment, 28.8 g of gold is plated out from a AuCN solution by running an electrolytic cell for two hours with a current of 2.00 A. What is the experimental value obtained for the Faraday Constant?
For each reaction listed, determine its standard cell potential at 25 C and whether the reaction is spontaneous at standard conditions. (a) Mn(s)+Ni2+(aq)Mn2+(aq)+Ni(s) (b) 3Cu2+(aq)+2Al(s)2Al3+(aq)+3Cu(s) (c) Na(s)+LiNO3(aq)NaNO3(aq)+Li(s) (d) Ca(NO3)2(aq)+Ba(s)Ba(NO3)2(aq)+Ca(s)
The following oxidationreduction reactions are used in electrochemical cells. Write them using cell notation. (a) 2Ag+(aq)(0.50M)+Ni(s)2Ag(s)+Ni2+(aq)(0.20M) (b) Cu(s)+PtCl62-(aq)(0.10M)Cu2+(aq)(0.20M)+PtCl42-(aq)(0.10M)+2Cl(aq)(0.40M) (c) Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)(0.30M)+2AgCl(s)PbSO4(s)+2Ag(s)+2Cl(aq)(0.20M) (d) In a galvanic cell, one half-cell contains 0.010 M HCI and a platinum electrode, over which H2 is bubbled at a pressure of 1.0 atm. The other half-cell is composed of a zinc electrode in a 0.125 M solution of Zn(NO3)2.
Calculate the standard cell potential of the cell corresponding to the oxidation of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, by permanganate ion. MnO4. 5H2C2O4(aq)+2MnO4(aq)+6H+(aq)10CO2(g)+2Mn2+(aq)+8H2O(l) See Appendix C for free energies of formation: Gf for H2C2O4(aq) is 698 kJ.
Consider a galvanic cell based on the following half-reactions: a. What is the expected cell potential with all components in their standard states? b. What is the oxidizing agent in the overall cell reaction? c. What substances make up the anode compartment? d. In the standard cell, in which direction do the electrons flow? e. How many electrons are transferred per unit of cell reaction? f. If this cell is set up at 25C with [Fe2+] = 2.00 104 M and [La3+] = 3.00 103 M, what is the expected cell potential?
An aqueous solution of an unknown salt of gold is electrolyzed by a current of 2.75 amps for 3.39 hours. The electroplating is carried out with an efficiency of 93.0%, resulting in a deposit of 21.221 g of gold. a How many faradays are required to deposit the gold? b What is the charge on the gold ions (based on your calculations)?
It took 150. s for a current of 1.25 A to plate out 0.109 g of a metal from a solution containing its cations. Show that it is not possible for the cations to have a charge of 1+.
Give the notation for a voltaic cell whose overall cell reaction is Mg(s)+2Ag+(aq)Mg2+(aq)+2Ag(s) What are the half-cell reactions? Label them as anode or cathode reactions. What is the standard cell potential of this cell?

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