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Science
Chemistry
4. Calculate the number of moles of Cl2 in 4.99X1014 molecules of Cl₂. ploz tor
4. Calculate the number of moles of Cl2 in 4.99X1014 molecules of Cl₂. ploz tor
BUY
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN:
9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
expand_less
1 Chemical Foundations
2 Atomic Structure And Periodicity
3 Bonding: General Concepts
4 Molecular Structure And Orbitals
5 Stoichiometry
6 Types Of Chemical Reactions And Solution Stoichiometry
7 Chemical Energy
8 Gases
9 Liquids And Solids
10 Properties Of Solutions
11 Chemical Kinetics
12 Chemical Equilibrium
13 Acids And Bases
14 Acid- Base Equilibria
15 Solubility And Complex Lon Equilibria
16 Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy
17 Electrochemistry
18 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View
19 The Representative Elements
20 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry
21 Organic And Biological Molecules
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Chapter Questions
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Problem 1RQ
Problem 2RQ: Atomic masses are relative masses. What does this mean?
Problem 3RQ: The atomic mass of boron (B) is given in the periodic table as 10.81, yet no single atom of boron...
Problem 4RQ: What three conversion factors and in what order would you use them to convert the mass of a compound...
Problem 5RQ: Fig. 5-5 illustrates a schematic diagram of a combustion device used to analyze organic compounds....
Problem 6RQ: What is the difference between the empirical and molecular formula of a compound? Can they ever be...
Problem 7RQ: Consider the hypothetical reaction between A2 and AB pictured below. What is the balanced equation?...
Problem 8RQ
Problem 9RQ: Consider the following mixture of SO2(g) and O2(g). If SO2(g) and O2(g) react to form SO3(g), draw a...
Problem 10RQ: Why is the actual yield of a reaction often less than the theoretical yield?
Problem 1ALQ: The following are actual student responses to the question: Why is it necessary to balance chemical...
Problem 2ALQ: What information do we get from a chemical formula? From a chemical equation?
Problem 3ALQ: You are making cookies and are missing a key ingredienteggs. You have most of the other ingredients...
Problem 4ALQ: Nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen gas (H2) react to form ammonia gas (NH3). Consider the mixture of N2...
Problem 5ALQ: For the preceding question, which of the following equations best represents the reaction? a. 6N2 +...
Problem 6ALQ
Problem 7ALQ
Problem 8ALQ: Consider an iron bar on a balance as shown. As the iron bar rusts, which of the following is true?...
Problem 9ALQ: You may have noticed that water sometimes drips from the exhaust of a car as it is running. Is this...
Problem 10ALQ
Problem 11ALQ: What is true about the chemical properties of the product? a. The properties are more like chemical...
Problem 12ALQ: Is there a difference between a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 mole ratio and a...
Problem 13ALQ
Problem 14ALQ: The average mass of a carbon atom is 12.011. Assuming you could pick up one carbon atom, estimate...
Problem 15ALQ: Can the subscripts in a chemical formula be fractions? Explain. Can the coefficients in a balanced...
Problem 16ALQ: Consider the equation 2A + B . A2B. If you mix 1.0 mole of A with 1.0 mole of B, what amount (moles)...
Problem 17ALQ: According to the law of conservation of mass, mass cannot be gained or destroyed in a chemical...
Problem 18ALQ: Which of the following pairs of compounds have the same empirical formula? a. acetylene, C2H2, and...
Problem 19ALQ: Atoms of three different elements are represented by O, , and . Which compound is left over when...
Problem 20ALQ: In chemistry, what is meant by the term mole? What is the importance of the mole concept?
Problem 21ALQ: Which (if any) of the following is (are) true regarding the limiting reactant in a chemical...
Problem 22ALQ: Consider the equation 3A + B C + D. You react 4 moles of A with 2 moles of B. Which of the...
Problem 23Q: Reference Section 5-2 to find the atomic masses of 12C and 13C, the relative abundance of 12C and...
Problem 24Q: Avogadros number, molar mass, and the chemical formula of a compound are three useful conversion...
Problem 25Q: If you had a mole of U.S. dollar bills and equally distributed the money to all of the people of the...
Problem 26Q
Problem 27Q: Which of the following compounds have the same empirical formulas? a. b. c. d.
Problem 28Q
Problem 29Q: How is the mass percent of elements in a compound different for a 1.0-g sample versus a 100.-g...
Problem 30Q: A balanced chemical equation contains a large amount of information. What information is given in a...
Problem 31Q
Problem 32Q: Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas react to form water, and this reaction can be depicted as follows:...
Problem 33Q: What is the theoretical yield for a reaction, and how does this quantity depend on the limiting...
Problem 34Q: What does it mean to say a reactant is present in excess in a process? Can the limiting reactant be...
Problem 35Q: Consider the following generic reaction: A2B2 + 2C 2CB + 2A What steps and information are...
Problem 36Q: Consider the following generic reaction: Y2+2XY2XY2 In a limiting reactant problem, a certain...
Problem 37E: An element consists of 1.40% of an isotope with mass 203.973 u, 24.10% of an isotope with mass...
Problem 38E: An element X bas five major isotopes, which are listed below along with their abundances. What is...
Problem 39E: The element rhenium (Re) bas two naturally occurring isotopes, 185Re and 187Re, with an average...
Problem 40E: Assume silicon has three major isotopes in nature as shown in the table below. Fill in the missing...
Problem 41E: The element europium exists in nature as two isotopes: 151Eu has a mass of 150.9196 u and 153Eu has...
Problem 42E: The element silver (Ag) has two naturally occurring isotopes: 109 Ag and 107Ag with a mass of...
Problem 43E: The mass spectrum of bromine (Br2) consists of three peaks with the following characteristics: Mass...
Problem 44E: The stable isotopes of iron arc 54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe, and 58Fe. The mass spectrum of iron looks like the...
Problem 45E: Calculate the mass of 500. atoms of iron (Fe).
Problem 46E: What number of Fe atoms and what amount (moles) of Fe atoms are in 500.0 g of iron?
Problem 47E: Diamond is a natural form of pure carbon. What number of atoms of carbon are in a 1.00-carat diamond...
Problem 48E: A diamond contains 5.0 1021 atoms of carbon. What amount (moles) of carbon and what mass (grams) of...
Problem 49E: Aluminum metal is produced by passing an electric current through a solution of aluminum oxide...
Problem 50E: The Freons are a class of compounds containing carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. While they have many...
Problem 51E: Calculate the molar mass of the following substances. a. b. c. (NH4)2Cr2O7
Problem 52E: Calculate the molar mass of the following substances. a. b. Ca3(PO4)2 c. Na2HPO4
Problem 53E: What amount (moles) of compound is present in 1.00 g of each of the compounds in Exercise 51?
Problem 54E: What amount (moles) of compound is present in 1.00 g of each of the compounds in Exercise 52?
Problem 55E: What mass of compound is present in 5.00 moles of each of the compounds in Exercise 5 1?
Problem 56E: What mass of compound is present in 5.00 moles of each of the compounds in Exercise 52?
Problem 57E
Problem 58E
Problem 59E
Problem 60E: What number of molecules (or formula units) are present in 1.00 g of each of the compounds in...
Problem 61E: What number of atoms of nitrogen are present in 1.00 g of each of the compounds in Exercise 51?
Problem 62E
Problem 63E: Freon- 12 (CCI2F2) is used as a refrigerant in air conditioners and as a propellant in aerosol cans....
Problem 64E: Bauxite, the principal ore used in the production of aluminum, has a molecular formula of Al2O32H2O....
Problem 65E: What amount (moles) is represented by each of these samples? a. 150.0 g Fe2O3 b. 10.0 mg NO2 c. 1.5 ...
Problem 66E: What amount (moles) is represented by each of these samples? a. 20.0 mg caffeine, C8H10N4O2 b. 2.72 ...
Problem 67E: What number of atoms of nitrogen are present in 5.00 g of each of the following? a. glycine, C2H5O2N...
Problem 68E: Complete the following table.
Problem 69E: Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C (C6H8O6), is an essential vitamin. It cannot be stored by the body and...
Problem 70E: The molecular formula of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), one of the most commonly used pain...
Problem 71E: Chloral hydrate (C2H3Cl3O2) is a drug formerly used as a sedative and hypnotic. It is the compound...
Problem 72E: Dimethylnitrosamine, (CH3)2N2O , is a carcinogenic (cancer-causing) substance that may be formed in...
Problem 73E: Calculate the percent composition by mass of the following compounds that are important starting...
Problem 74E: In 1987 the first substance to act as a superconductor at a temperature above that of liquid...
Problem 75E
Problem 76E: Arrange the following substances in order of increasing mass percent of carbon. a. caffeine....
Problem 77E: Fungal laccase, a blue protein found in wood-rotting fungi, is 0.390% Cu by mass. 1f a fungal...
Problem 78E: Hemoglobin is the protein that transports oxygen in mammals. Hemoglobin is 0.347% Fe by mass, and...
Problem 79E: Express the composition of each of the following compounds as the mass percents of its elements. a....
Problem 80E: Considering your answer to Exercise 79, which type of formula, empirical or molecular, can be...
Problem 81E: Give the empirical formula for each of the compounds represented below. a. b. c. d.
Problem 82E: Determine the molecular formulas to which the following empirical formulas and molar masses pertain....
Problem 83E: A compound that contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 48.64% C and 8.16% H by mass. What is...
Problem 84E: The most common form of nylon (nylon-6) is 63.68% carbon, 12.38% nitrogen, 9.80% hydrogen, and...
Problem 85E: There are two binary compounds of mercury and oxygen. Heating either of them results in the...
Problem 86E: A sample of urea contains 1.121 g N, 0.161 g H, 0.480 g C, and 0.640 g O. What is the empirical...
Problem 87E
Problem 88E: Determine the molecular formula of a compound that contains 26.7% P, 12.1% N, and 61.2% Cl, and has...
Problem 89E: A compound contains 47.08% carbon, 6.59% hydrogen, and 46.33% chlorine by mass; the molar mass of...
Problem 90E: Maleic acid is an organic compound composed of 41.39% C, 3.47% H, and the rest oxygen. If 0.129 mole...
Problem 91E: One of the components that make up common table sugar is fructose, a compound that contains only...
Problem 92E: A compound contains only C, H, and N. Combustion of 35.0 mg of the compound produces 33.5 mg CO2 and...
Problem 93E
Problem 94E: A compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Combustion of 10.68 mg of the compound yields...
Problem 95E: Give the balanced equation for each of the following chemical reactions: a. Glucose (C6H12O6) reacts...
Problem 96E: Give the balanced equation for each of the following. a. The combustion of ethanol (C2H5OH) forms...
Problem 97E
Problem 98E: Iron oxide ores, commonly a mixture of FeO and Fe2O3, are given the general formula Fe3O4. They...
Problem 99E: Balance the following equations: a. Ca(OH)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq) +H2O(l) + Ca3(PO4)2(s) b. Al(OH)3(s) +...
Problem 100E: Balance each of the following chemical equations. a. KO2(s) + H2O(l) KOH(aq) + O2(g) + H2O2(aq) b....
Problem 101E
Problem 102E: Balance the following equations: a. Cr(s) + S8(s) Cr2S3(s) b. NaHCO3(s)HeatNa2CO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(g)...
Problem 103E: Silicon is produced for the chemical and electronics industries by the following reactions. Give the...
Problem 104E
Problem 105E: Over the years, the thermite reaction has been used for welding railroad rails, in incendiary bombs,...
Problem 106E: The reaction between potassium chlorate and red phosphorus takes place when you strike a match on a...
Problem 107E: The reusable booster rockets of the U.S. space shuttle employ a mixture of aluminum and ammonium...
Problem 108E: One of relatively few reactions that takes place directly between two solids at room temperature is...
Problem 109E: Elixirs such as Atka-Seltzer use the reaction of sodium bicarbonate with citric acid in aqueous...
Problem 110E: Aspirin (C9H8O4) is synthesized by reacting salicylic acid (C7H6O3) with acetic anhydride (C4H6O3)....
Problem 111E: Bacterial digestion is an economical method of sewage treatment. The reaction is an intermediate...
Problem 112E: Phosphorus can be prepared from calcium phosphate by the following reaction:...
Problem 113E: Coke is an impure form of carbon that is often used in the industrial production of metals from...
Problem 114E: The space shuttle environmental control system handles excess CO2 (which the astronauts breathe out;...
Problem 115E: Consider the reaction between NO(g) and O2(g) represented below. What is the balanced equation for...
Problem 116E: Consider the following reaction: 4NH3(g)4NO(g)+6H2O(g) If a container were to have 10 molecules of...
Problem 117E
Problem 118E: Consider the following unbalanced equation: Ca3(PO4)2(s)+H2SO4(aq)CaSO4(s)+H3PO4(aq) What masses of...
Problem 119E: Hydrogen peroxide is used as a cleansing agent in the treatment of cuts and abrasions for several...
Problem 120E: Silver sulfadiazine bum-treating cream creates a barrier against bacterial invasion and releases...
Problem 121E: Hydrogen cyanide is produced industrially from the reaction of gaseous ammonia, oxygen, and methane:...
Problem 122E: Acrylonitrile C3H3N) is the starting material for many synthetic carpets and fabrics. It is produced...
Problem 123E
Problem 124E: DDT, an insecticide harmful to fish, birds, and humans, is produced by the following reaction: In a...
Problem 125E: Bornite (Cu3FeS3) is a copper ore used in the production of copper. When heated, the following...
Problem 126E: Consider the following unbalanced reaction: P4(s)+F2(g)PF3(g) What mass of F2 is needed to produce...
Problem 127AE: In using a mass spectrometer, a chemist sees a peak at a mass of 30.0106. Of the choices 12C21H6,...
Problem 128AE: Boron consists of two isotopes, 10B and 11B. Chlorine also has two isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. Consider...
Problem 129AE: A given sample of a xenon fluoride compound contains molecules of the type XeFn, where n is some...
Problem 130AE: Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that is 160 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar) when...
Problem 131AE: Anabolic steroids are performance enhancement drugs whose use has been banned from most major...
Problem 132AE: Many cereals are made with high moisture content so that the cereal can be formed into various...
Problem 133AE: The compound adrenaline contains 56.79% C, 6.56% H, 28.37% O, and 8.28% N by mass. What is the...
Problem 134AE: Adipic acid is an organic compound composed of 49.31% C, 43.79% O, and the rest hydrogen. If the...
Problem 135AE
Problem 136AE: Some bismuth tablets, a medication used to treat upset stomachs, contain 262 mg of bismuth...
Problem 137AE: The empirical formula of styrene is CH; the molar mass of styrene is 104.14 g/mol. What number of H...
Problem 138AE: Terephthalic acid is an important chemical used in the manufacture of polyesters and plasticizers....
Problem 139AE: A sample of a hydrocarbon (a compound consisting of only carbon and hydrogen) contains 2.59 1023...
Problem 140AE: A binary compound between an unknown element E and hydrogen contains 91.27% E and 8.73% H by mass....
Problem 141AE: A 0.755-g sample of hydrated copper(II) sulfate CuSo4xH2O was heated carefully until it had changed...
Problem 142AE: ABS plastic is a tough, hard plastic used in applications requiring shock resistance. The polymer...
Problem 143AE
Problem 144AE: Methane (CH4) is the main component of marsh gas. Heating methane in the presence of sulfur produces...
Problem 145AE: A potential fuel for rockets is a combination of B5H9 and 0 2. The two react according to the...
Problem 146AE: A 0.4230-g sample of impure sodium nitrate was heated, converting all the sodium nitrate to 0.2864 g...
Problem 147AE
Problem 148AE: Commercial brass, an alloy of Zn and Cu, reacts with hydrochloric acid os follows:...
Problem 149AE
Problem 150AE: You have seven closed containers, each with equal masses of chlorine gas (Cl2) . You add 10.0 g of...
Problem 151AE: A substance X2Z has the composition (by mass) of 40.0% X and 60.0% Z. What is the composition (by...
Problem 152CWP: Consider samples of phosphine (PH3), water (H2O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrogen fluoride...
Problem 153CWP: Calculate the number of moles for each compound in the following table. Compound Mass Moles...
Problem 154CWP: Arrange the following substances in order of increasing mass percent of nitrogen. a. NO b. N2O c....
Problem 155CWP: Para-cresol, a substance used as a disinfectant and in the manufacture of several herbicides, is a...
Problem 156CWP: A compound with molar mass 180.1 g/mol has the following composition by mass: C 40.0% H 6.70% O...
Problem 157CWP
Problem 158CWP: Consider the following unbalanced chemical equation for the combustion of pentane (C5H12):...
Problem 159CWP: Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium sulfite and water. The unbalanced...
Problem 160CP: Gallium arsenide, GaAs, has gained widespread use in semiconductor devices that convert light and...
Problem 161CP: Consider the following data for three binary compounds of hydrogen and nitrogen: %H (by Mass) %N...
Problem 162CP: Natural rubidium has the average mass of 85.4678 u and is composed of isotopes 85Rb (mass = 84.9117...
Problem 163CP: A compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Combustion of 0.157 g of the...
Problem 164CP: Nitric acid is produced commercially by the Ostwald process, represented by the following equations:...
Problem 165CP: When the supply of oxygen is limited, iron metal reacts with oxygen to produce a mixture of FeO and...
Problem 166CP: A 9.780-g gaseous mixture contains ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8). Complete combustion to form...
Problem 167CP: Zinc and magnesium metal each reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chloride salts of the respective...
Problem 168CP
Problem 169CP: Consider a gaseous binary compound with a molar mass of 62.09 g/mol. When 1.39 g of this compound is...
Problem 170CP
Problem 171CP
Problem 172CP: The aspirin substitute, acetaminophen (C8H9O2N), is produced by the following three-step synthesis:...
Problem 173CP: An element X forms both a dichloride (XCl2) and a tetrachloride (XC4). Treatment of 10.00 g XCl2...
Problem 174CP
Problem 175CP: When aluminum metal is heated with an element from Group 6A of the periodic table, an ionic compound...
Problem 176CP: Consider a mixture of potassium chloride and potassium nitrate that is 43.2% potassium by mass. What...
Problem 177CP: Ammonia reacts with O2 to form either NO(g) or NO2(g) according to these unbalanced equations:...
Problem 178CP: You take 1.00 g of an aspirin tablet (a compound consisting solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen),...
Problem 179IP: With the advent of techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy, it is now possible to write...
Problem 180IP: Tetrodotoxin is a toxic chemical found in fugu pufferfish, a popular but rare delicacy in Japan....
Problem 181IP
Problem 182IP
Problem 183IP
Problem 184MP: A 2.077-g sample of an element, which has an atomic mass between 40 and 55, reacts with oxygen to...
Problem 185MP: Consider the following balanced chemical equation: A+5B3C+4D a. Equal masses of A and B are reacted....
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4. Calculate the number of moles of Cl2 in 4.99X1014 molecules of Cl₂. ploz tor
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3.115 The average person exhales 1.0 kg of carbon dioxide in a day. Describe how you would estimate the number of CO2 molecules exhaled per breath for this average person.
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Nitric acid is produced commercially by the Ostwald process, represented by the following equations: 4NH3(g)+5O24NO(g)+6H2O(g)2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g)3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(aq)+NO(g) What mass of NH3 must be used to produce 1.0 106 kg HNO3 by the Ostwald process? Assume 100% yield in each reaction, and assume that the NO produced in the third step is not recycled.
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How many moles of beryllium (Be) are needed to completely react with 10.0 moles of N2 in the synthesis of the compound Be3N2?
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4.69 The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between H2 and CO to produce methanol, CH3OH. The box on the left represents the reactants at the instant of mixing, and the box on the right shows what is left once the reaction has gone to completion. Was there a limiting reactant in this reaction? If so, what was it? Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. As usual, your equation should use the smallest possible whole number coefficients for all substances.
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How many grams of beryllium (Be) are needed to react completely with 45.0 g of nitrogen (N2) in the synthesisof Be3N2?
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You take 1.00 g of an aspirin tablet (a compound consisting solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), burn it in air, and collect 2.20 g CO2 and 0.400 g H2O. You know that the molar mass of aspirin is between 170 and 190 g/mol. Reacting 1 mole of salicylic acid with I mole of acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) gives you 1 mole of aspirin and 1 mole of acetic acid (C2H4O2). Use this information to determine the molecular formula of salicylic acid.
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Tungsten (W) metal, which is used to make incandescent bulb filaments, is produced by the reaction WO3+3H23H2O+W How many grams of H2 are needed to produce 1.00 g of W?
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3.105 Nitric acid is often sold and transported as a concentrated 16 M aqueous solution. How many gallons of such a solution would be needed to contain the roughly 2.1109 pounds of HNO3 produced annually in the United States?
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4.106 An ore sample with a mass of 670 kg contains 27.7% magnesium carbonate, MgCO3. If all of the magnesium carbonate in this ore sample is decomposed to form carbon dioxide, describe how to determine what mass of CO2 is evolved during the process.
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4.19 How many metric tons of carbon are required to react with 7.83 metric tons of Fe2O3 according to the following reaction? 2Fe2O3+3C3CO2+4Fe How many metric tons of iron are produced?
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3.113 MgCl2 is often found as an impurity in table salt (NaCl). If a 0.05200-g sample of table salt is found to contain 61.10% Cl by mass, describe how you could determine the percentage of MgCl2 in the sample.
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