4. Adaptive and Rational Expectations a. Suppose you are in the Adaptive Expectations world. Using the following values calculate the first five forecasts (up to the forecast for inflation in year t+5) of expected inflation. The natural rate of inflation is 1%, last year's expectation of this year's inflation is 1%, however just this year's realized inflation was 3%. Assume the error adjustment coefficient is equal to 0.8.
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- People are said to have rational expectations if they Select one: a. merely guess at the inflation rate b. assume that this year's inflation rate will be equal to the average inflation rate over the past 10 years O c. use all available information in forming their expectations about inflation O d. assume that this year's inflation rate will be the same as last year's inflation rateIn a decelerating inflation environment (e.g. with inflation rate at 20%, 18%, 14%, .. year after year), using "adaptive inflation expectations" formation, the forecasted future inflation rate is likely to be O systematically biased upward. O systematically biased downward. O always correct. O about correct on average.1. Are the implications of the rational and adaptive expectations hypotheses different in the short-run? A.No, because under both theories people will begin to anticipate more inflation as soon as they observe a move toward a more expansionary policy. B.Yes, because under adaptive expectations there is a significant time lag before people come to expect the inflation and incorporate it into their decision making, whereas the rational expectations implies that people will begin to anticipate more inflation as soon as they observe a move toward a more expansionary policy. C.Yes, because under rational expectations theory there is a significant time lag before people come to expect the inflation and incorporate it into their decision making, whereas the adaptive expectations theory implies that people will begin to anticipate more inflation as soon as they observe a move toward a more expansionary policy. D. No, because under both theories, there is a significant time…
- Which of the following situations would lead to actual inflation of 3%? A. future inflation is 1%; output-gap inflation is 0%; supply-shock inflation is 2% B. future inflation is 3%; output-gap inflation is 3%; supply-shock inflation is 3% C. future inflation is 1.5%; output-gap inflation is 1.5%; supply-shock inflation is 3% D. future inflation is 0%; output-gap inflation is 3%; supply-shock inflation is - 3% E. future inflation is 3%; output-gap inflation is 0%; supply-shock inflation is - 3%1 Inflation in the period t in the economy is described by the following function Tt -0.3 + 0.06u, + T where T; - inflation in the period t, ut - unemployment in the period t. Inflation expectations are formed adaptively: T = 0.7Tt-1 + 0.37_1, where T is the expected inflation in the period t. Let's assume that initially, in the time period t is equal to TO reduction of the inflation rate to the level of 0.05, starting from the year t: unemployment rate in year t = 0 and in year t = 1. 0, the inflation rate coincides with the level of inflationary expectations and T = 0.1. The Central Bank is conducting a policy of permanent (once and for all) 1. Calculate theAt the end of September, a barrel of light crude oil sold for almost $70 compared to a price near $30 a barrel in January 9f 2004. To answer the following questions,assume bind traders expect inflation to rise from 3% in 2005 to 5% in both 2006 and 2007. Also traders expect the American economy to enter a recession in 2007. Assume the prior to the recent run up oil prices, bond traders had expected inflation to remain stable in 2006 and 2007 at 3%. Using a model of supply and demand for one year T-Bills, illustrate and explain the impact of a recession ( a business cycle contraction) if bond traders expect that this recession will occur in 2007,what do you expect to happen to yields on one year T- Bills in 2007?
- Problem 5. Suppose people's inflation expectations are subject to ran- dom shocks: at time t-1, expected inflation in time t is Et-1t = Tt-1+t-1 where nt-1 is a random shock with mean zero but deviates from zero when some event beyond past inflation causes expected inflation to change. Also, Ett+1 = πt +Nt. 3 A. Derive the DAD and DAS equations. Hint: For DAS, express T as a function of (Y - Y); for DAD, express Y, as a function of (T- πt). B. Suppose the economy experiences an inflation scare: in period t, people believe that inflation in t+1 will be higher so nt> 0 (but for this period only). What happens to DAD and DAS in t? Explain what happens to output, inflation, nominal interest rate, and real interest rate. Show a graph and provide labels for equilibrium points (A, B, C, etc.) as needed.The table below reports the actual inflation rate from 2016 to 2020. Complete the table, assuming people form expectations adaptively. Give all answers to two decimals. Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Actual inflation rate 3% 4.50% 7.00% 6.00% 4.00% Expected inflation rate a) d) e) 3% 4.50% % % % b) c) f) Error 0% 1.00% % % %The table below reports the actual inflation rate from 2016 to 2020. Complete the table, assuming people form expectations adaptively. Give all answers to two decimals, Actual inflation rate Expected inflation rate Error Year 2016 3% 3% 0% 5.50% a) % b) % 2017 6.00% 5.50% c) 2018 4.00% d) 2.00% 2019 2020 2.00% e) Look back at the table. Assuming people form expectations adaptively, which of the following statements are correct? Choose one or more: OA Monetary policy can reduce unemployment only if the policy is expected. OB. When inflation is increasing from year to year, people tend to overestimate inflation. OC. When inflation is decreasing from year to year, people tend to overestimate inflation. O D. When inflation is decreasing from year to year, people tend to underestimate inflation. OE When inflation is increasing from year to year, people tend to underestimate inflation.
- 2. What is the eqution and shape of the modem aggregate supply curve according to imperfect infomation model? Using the equation of Aggregate Supply (AS) derive the equation of Expectation augmented Phillips curve and explain causes of inflation in tems of it. How does expectation augmented Phillips curve explain Stagflation?The central bank of the Mushroom Kingdom announces that the federal funds rate will be equal to 5% during the next two years, and after these two years it will fall to 3% for the next eight years. If the inflation rate is expected to be 1% throughout the entirety of this period, what will be the long-run expected real interest rate during these ten years? Select one: a.2.40% b.4.40% inal Exam c.7% d.33% Next pageThe text proposes the following model of expected inflation x = (1 - 0) x + 0,-1 What do we know about your process of the formation of expected inflation when 0 = 07 OA. Neither last year's inflation rate nor the long-run average inflation rate impact your view on this year's expected rate. OB. Last year's inflation rate will influence you to revise your estimates for this year's expected rate. OC. Regardless of what inflation was last year, you would expect it to be at the long-run average inflation rate this year. OD. Last year's inflation rate and the long-run average inflation rate have an equal impact on your view of this year's expected rate. What do we know about your process of the formation of expected inflation when 0-17 OA. Neither last year's inflation rate nor the long-run average inflation rate impact your view on this year's expected rate OB. Last year's inflation rate will be the only input for you to revise your estimates for this year's expected rate regardless of…