4. 1 71 141 211 281 351 421 491 561 631 701 771 841 911 981 Below is the full sequence of the 16S ribosomal DNA (1457 bp) for Coxiella burnettii, as well as a section of the flanking DNA sequence (lower case letters): ATTGAAGAGTTTGATTCTGGCTCAGATTGAACGCTAGCGGCATGCTTAACACATGCAAGTCGAACGGCAG CGCGGGGAGCTTGCTCCCTGGCGGCGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAATGCGTAGGAATCTACCTTGTAGTG 1121 GGGGATAACCTGGGGAAACTCGGGCTAATACCGCATAATCTCTTTGGAGCAAAGCGGGGGATCTTCGGAC CTCGTGCTATAAGATGAGCCTACGTCGGATTAGCTTGTTGGTGGGGTAATGGCCTACCAAGGCGACGATC CGTAGCTGGTCTGAGAGGACGATCAGCCACACTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAG CAGTGGGGAATATTGGACAATGGGGGAAACCCTGATCCAGCAATGCCGCGTGTGTGAAGAAGGCCTTCGG 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 GTTGTAAAGCACTTTCGGTGGGGAAGAAATTCTCAAGGGTAATATCCTTGGGCGTTGACGTTACCCACAG AAGAAGCACTGGCTAACTCTGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACAGAGAGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATCAC TGGGCGTAAAGCGCGCGTAGGTGGATATTTAAGTCGGATGTGAAAGCCCTGGGCTTAACCTGGGAATTGC ACCCGATACTGGGTATCTTGAGTATGGTAGAGGGAAGTGGAATTTCCGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGA 700 TATCGGAAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGACTTCCTGGACCAATACTGACACTGAGGCGCGAAAGCGTGG 770 GGAGCAAACAGGATTAGAGACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTCAACGATGAGAACTAGCTGTTGGGAAGTTCA 840 CTTCTTAGTAGCGAAGCTAACGCGTTAAGTTCTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGTTAAAACTCAAA GAAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGATGCAACGCGAAAAACCTTACC TACCCTTGACATCCTCGGAACTTGTCAGAGATGATTTGGTGCCTTCGGGAACCGAGTGACAGGTGCTGCA 910 980 1050 1120 1051 TGGCTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGTAACGAGCGCAACCCTCGTCCTTAGT TGCCAGCGAGTCAAGTCGGGAACTCTAAGGAGACTGCCGGTGATAAACCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGATGT 1190 CAAGTCATCATGGCCCTTACGGGTAGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGGCAGTACAAAGGGTTGCCAAGC 1191 1260 1261 CGCGAGGTGGAGCTAATCCCAGAAAACTGCTCGTAGTCCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAACTCGACTCCATGAAG 1330 1331 TTGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGAATCAGCATGTCGCGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCC 1400 1401 GTCACACCATGGGAGTGAATTGTACCAGAAGCGGGTAGGCTAACCTTCGGGAGGCCGctcaccacggtat 1470 1471 gatccatgactggggtgaagtcgtaacaaggtagccgtaggggaacctgcggctggatcacctccttact 1540 1541 tttagtgatccaatacttgtaccggtatccacacaaactgctttcttaatttttaaaggatccaggatct 1610 Identify the position of the four primers from Wilson et al. (1990) listed below on the Coxiella rDNA sequence. Highlight the recognition sequence in colour, and also indicate with an arrow the direction in which each primer will amplify the fragment during PCR. (NB: READ the footnote to the table! Make sure you know the difference between a forward and a reverse primer!) Primer Pomod P3mod PC3mod Sequence and arrow colour BLUE GREEN PURPLE PC5 RED

Please consider Figures, 10.28, and Table 10.2 (attached), which contain data that were collected by Delph and Lively, are redepicted from their paper that was published in 1989, and for which information is provided on pp. 391-383 in the textbook (pp. 385-388 in the 4TH edition textbook); assess the lowercase-Roman-numeral-labelled statements that appear immediately below; and click the uppercase-letter-labelled response that is presented below and conveys the most accurate information. i. Germinated pollen grains in Fuchsia excorticata grow tubes that extend from the stigma, through the style, to the ovary, where one sperm unites with one egg; this requires approximately 3 days. ii. Before a Fuchsia excorticata flower can detach from the tree, an abscission zone must be developed; this typically requires 1.5 days. iii. Colour change in Fuchsia excorticata probably evolved as an adaptation to the physiologically constraining 4.5 days that are required for fertilisation and abscission…

'Organism' A 'Organism' B 2. Use the values given in Figure 7.4 to work out the surface area, volume and surface area-to- volume ratio (surface area ÷ volume) for 'Organism' A and 'Organism' B. (Remember: Surface area of each of the sides = length of the side x breadth of the side. Volume = length x breadth x height of the shape.) 3. Copy and complete the table. Use the values calculated in step 2. 2 cm 3 cm 6 cm 1 cm Fig. 7.4 Arrangement of cubes to represent two organisms Organism Surface area (cm²) Volume (cm³) Surface area: volume ratio A B Questions 1. Which arrangement of books would best represent a) a flatworm and b) an earthworm, which has a tubular shape? 3. (2) 2. Which 'organism' (A or B) has the largest surface area-to-volume ratio? (1) If a flatworm and an earthworm have the same volume, which worm would have the largest surface area-to-volume ratio? 4. Do you think that a flatworm and an earthworm could rely on diffusion across their body surfaces to meet their needs for…

Construct a calibration curve by plotting the log10 (fragment size) against the distance migrated (in mm). Data is given in the picture to help plot the graph. Use excel for it and give appropriate titles to the graph.

Which phylum of bacteria are most frequently unregulated and downregulated in CF samples?