College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the atom given as:
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- Nuclear Physics - Nuclear Structure Density= Nuclear Structure Z mass Volume radius r=r04¹/3 ro=1.2x10-¹5 m N A = Z+N 4 The radius r of a nucleus is given in the above figure. The volume of a nucleus is V = Proton 56 Fe nucleus has a total of 56 nucleons (protons + neutrons). The average mass of a nucleon is u = 1.66x10^-27 kg I whin ber Neutron A Z If this unknown nucleus has 60 neutrons, how many protons does it have? Enter a number rr³ (a)Calculate the radius of a 56 Fe nucleus. Write the radius in fm, 1 fm = 10-15 m. Keep 2 decimal places. Enter a number x10-¹5m, fm (b) Calculate the Denisity of a 56Fe nucleus.. Write the result in terms of 1017 kg/m³. Keep 2 decimal places. Enter a number x10¹7kg/m³ () (c) An unknown hacieus has twice the volume of 56Fe. What is the mass number A of this nucleus? Enter a number iarrow_forwardOne method for determining the age of ancient objects is by radiocarbon dating. Natural processes convert nitrogen to Carbon-14, a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 5730 years. When they are alive, animals assimilate Carbon-14 through the food chain. When an animal dies, it stops replacing its carbon and the amount of Carbon-14 decays exponentially. (a) Suppose the minimum detectable amount is 0.1% of the initial amount. What is the maximum age of a fossil that we could date using Carbon-14? (b) Suppose we wanted to date a fossil that was potentially 70 million years old. A radioactive isotope with what half-life would be required?arrow_forwardTritium, the hydrogen isotope of mass 3, has a half-life of 12.3 y. What fraction of the tritium atoms remains in a sample after 50.0 y?arrow_forward
- A certain radioactive material decays exponentially. The percent, P, of the material left after t years is given by P(t) = 100(1.2). a. Determine the half-life of the substance. b. How fast is the substance decaying at the point where the half-life is reached? The substance is decaying at a rate of about -3.8% per year at the time 9.12 years where the half-life is reached The substance is decaying at a rate of about -9.12% per year at the time 6.8 years where the half-life is reached The substance is decaying at a rate of about -9.12% per year at the time 3.8 years where the half-life is reached | None of the abovearrow_forwardU-235 sphere the size of a Tootsie Pop Assume that a spherical volume of pure U-235 is the size of a Tootsie Pop. The per capita electrical energy usage (i.e., per person per year) in the U.S. is 11,496 kw-hrs a) How many years would this amount of U-235 power the average person if all the U-235 atoms were fissioned? b) What would be the approximate volume of the waste produced, when the entire sample has fissioned? (Describe this qualitatively.) Assumptions to use: • Pop diameter = 1.25 inch • Density of the U-235 sample = 18.95 g/cc . The atomic mass is 235.044 amu • 180 MeV of heat energy are available from each fission . The efficiency for thermal to electric conversion is 0.32 . Avogadro's number = 6.022e23.arrow_forwardThe original number of atoms in a sample of a radioactive element is 4.00x10-0 . Find the time it takes to decay to 1.00x104 atoms if the half-life was 14.7 years? O 147 years O 29.4 years O 78.2 years O 58.8 yearsarrow_forward
- Find how many neutrons are in the following real or imaginary nuclei that are represented in the form ZXA: (a)79X180, (b)15X30, (c)6X12, (d)90X199.arrow_forwardthe average density of an atom is approximately 103 kg/m3. The nucleus of an atom has a radius about 10-5 times that of the entire atom, and contains nearly all the mass of the atom. What is the approximate density, in kilograms per cubic meter, of a nucleus?arrow_forwardA radioactive element decays at a continuous rate of 5.8%. What is its half-life in years?arrow_forward
- A rock contains the radioactive isotope ? − 40 that decays with a half-life of 1.3 ??????? ????? and the radioactive isotope ?? − 87 that decays with a half-life of 48.6 ??????? ?????. The rock is 100 ??????? ????? old. The rock currently has 1000 times as many ?? − 87 atoms as there are ? − 40 atoms. (That is, ??? = 1000 × ??.) When the rock first formed it had ? times as many ?? − 87 atoms as ? − 40 atoms. (That is, ???,0 = ? × ??,0.) What is the value of ??arrow_forwardThe number of radioactive nuclei present at the start of an experiment is 4.80 × 10¹5. The number present twenty days later is 6.34 × 10¹4. What is the half-life (in days) of the nuclei? Number i Unitsarrow_forwardIn order to determine its rate of decay, 1 gram of an unknown radioactive isotope was placed in a container. The amount remaining was measured at 1-minute intervals and recorded in the table below. Time (in minutes) Grams remaining 0 1.000 1 0.956 2 0.914 3 0.874 4 0.835 5 0.799 Find an exponential model for the data with variable M corresponding to remaining mass (in grams) and t corresponding to time (in minutes). a) M = 1 × 95.600^t b) M = 0.956 x 1^tc) M =1 x 0.956^td) M = 95.600 x 1^tarrow_forward
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