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- 13) When electrons flow through the electron transport system from NADH to oxygen, what is the sequence of molecules through which they move?9. Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pH. Actively respiring mitochondria are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without oxygen? (A) The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen. (B) Electron transport is reduced in the absence of a plasma membrane. (C) In the absence of oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation produces more ATP than does fermentation. (D) In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis produces more ATP than in the absence of oxygen.16. Complete each of the following reactions in electron transport: CoQ++ FAD 4cyt c (Fe³+) + 4H+ + O₂ 16. Complete each of the following reactions in electron transport: CoQ+ + FAD 4cyt c (Fe³+) + 4H+ + O₂ →→→→4cyt c (Fe²+) + Show Transcribed Text → 4cyt c (Fe²+) +
- 1. What is the difference between electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?1. What would be the effect on ATP production during chemiosmosis and oxidative phorphorylation, if the pH within the inner membrane space of the mitochondrion were decreased, assuming no effect of pH on the structure of proteins in the membrane? 2. What would be the effect on production of ATP from photosynthesis, assuming no effect on enzyme/protein stability, if the pH of the chloroplast stroma were lowered?17. Which of the following chemical formula summarizes cellular respiration? Group of answer choices 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy 6H2O + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP C6H12O6 + 6H2O 6O2 + 6CO2 + ATP
- 6. The lens of the eye si the light refracting medium of the eye, and ti has no mitochondria. Glucose is used sa an energy source ni the lens. Which metabolic pathway of glucose supplies energy to the crystalline eye lens? To answer the question: a) write a diagram of the metabolic pathway that provides the eye's lens with ATP, specify enzymes and coenzymes; b) mark the reactions associated with the ATP consumption and synthesis, calculate the ATP yield during the process; )c specify the mechanisms ofATP synthesis ni the process; d)name the tissues and cells in which the ATP synthesis is the same as in hte lens; e) writethe dehydrogenation reaction and the reactionoffinal product formation occurring in the process;6. A hypothetical electron-transport chain contains an electron donor (1), an electron carrier (2), and an electron acceptor (3). Which of these molecules has the highest redox potential? Explain why the answer is correct and why the other two are wrong.18. The figures below illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondrion NADH H,0 Δ H*. ATP ADP P; Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Chloroplast H,O NADP+ NADPH H* H+- ATP ADP Thylakoid Membrane A A Hydrogen ion O Electron The figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions? (A) Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules? (B) What are the sources of energy that drive mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport systems? (C) What is the optimal temperature at which ATP synthase chemically converts ADP and a phosphate group into one molecule of ATP? (D) What is the evolutionary relationship between the ATP synthase in mitochondria and the ATP synthase in chloroplasts? A +B + energy → AB 19. Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented above? (A) Hydrolysis (B) Catabolism (C) Oxidationreduction (D) Exergonic reaction (E) Endergonic reaction
- 4. How many moles of ATP would be formed from 10.5 moles of NADH and 6.75 moles of FADH₂ during electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.18. The figures below illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondrion A NADH H,0 H* ΑΙΡ ADP Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ΔΔ Chloroplast H2O H+ NADP+ NADPH H*. AA ΑΙΡ ADP P; Thylakoid Membrane A Hydrogen ion O Electron The figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions? (A) Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules? (B) What are the sources of energy that drive mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport systems? (C) What is the optimal temperature at which ATP synthase chemically converts ADP and a phosphate group into one molecule of ATP? (D) What is the evolutionary relationship between the ATP synthase in mitochondria and the ATP synthase in chloroplasts?10. Using either the Oxidative Phosphorylation stage of cellular respiration or the Cytochrome complex of photosynthesis, DIAGRAM AND EXPLAIN how electron transport chains function and are used to generate ATP in plants and animals. Make sure to supply sufficient detail to clearly convey your understanding of the process/mechanism.
