3. Under what circumstances an aggregate demand curve would shift either to the right or left? Provide some real world examples.

Assume that the accompanying graph depicts aggregate supply and demand conditions in an economy. Full employment occurs when $5 trillion of real output is produced. The economy is currently in equilibrium at point A. Price Level (average price) 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 0 1 A AS₁ 2 3 4 5 6 7 AD₁ Real Output (in trillions of dollars per year) 8 Tools EQ Instructions: In parts a, b, and d, enter your responses as a whole number. a. What is the equilibrium rate of output? $ trillion per year b. How far short of full employment is the equilibrium rate of output? $ trillion c. On the graph, illustrate a shift of aggregate demand that would change the equilibrium rate of output to $5 trillion. Instructions: Shift the aggregate demand curve (AD1) such that the equilibrium in the macro model is at $5 trillion. Then use the tool provided 'EQ' to label the new equilibrium. d. What is the price level at this full-employment equilibrium?

1. In the following table, determine how each event likely effects potential output (a.k.a., long-run aggregate supply).    Direction of Potential Output Shift Event Left Right No Shift The government allows more immigration of working-age adults.       For environmental and safety reasons, the government requires that the country’s nuclear power plants be permanently shut down.       An investment tax credit increases the rate at which firms acquire machinery and equipment.         2. In the following table, determine how each event affects the position of the aggregate demand curve.    Direction of AD Curve Shift Event Left Right No Shift A decrease in consumer confidence (suggests people believe a contraction/recession coming)       A decrease in individual income tax rates       An increase in the value/price of housing         3. What effect would an increase in aggregate demand…

1. Let us say the estimated equation for the economy's aggregate demand is Y=400 – 15P+ 8G And the estimated equation for the economy's aggregate supply is Y=5+11P-10W where Y is the country's real GDP, P is the price level (GDP deflator), G is government purchases of goods and services, and W is the index of wages. a. If G= 160 and W= 100, find the equilibrium real GDP and the price level in the economy. b. What is the simple multiplier in this economy? Give the number and explain how you figured it out. c. What is the inflation rate due to the government increasing its purchases from G=160 to G= 180 (expansionary fiscal policy), in %? d. What is the value of the multiplier when the price level varies? 2. Imagine an economy in which the slope of the AD curve is equal to the (negative of) slope of the AS curve. If the simple multiplier is equal to 5, what is the value of the multiplier when the price level varies? Give the number and explain how you figured it out.

51) Which of the following both shift aggregate-demand curve to the right? an increase in taxes and at a given price level consumers feel more wealthy a decrease in taxes and at a given price level consumers feel less wealthy an increase in taxes and at a given price level consumers feel less wealthy a decrease in taxes and at a given price level consumers feel more wealthy

3. Explain how each of the following will affect aggregate demand. In each case, draw a diagram to show the effect on the aggregate demand curve. (a) Negative economic indicators cause firms to become pessimistic about the future of the economy. (b) Banks become complacent and begin taking on riskier business loans at lower interest rates. (c) The government passes legislation that increases the rate of corporate taxes. (d) Inflation leads the central bank to increase the base interest rate.

Note: Line segments will automatically connect the points. PRICE LEVEL (Billions of dollars) 200 160 120 0 80 160 240 REAL GDP (Index numbers) The equilibrium price level is 320 400 Initial AD The change in government spending the multiplier effect. SRAS New AD ✓, and the equilibrium level of real output is Suppose that the government spending increases by $16 billion and the expenditure multiplier in this economy is 5. On the previous graph, use the purple points (diamond symbols) to illustrate the effect of the increase in government spending on the aggregate demand (New AD) curve. the equilibrium level of real output by . The price level increase

The following graph shows aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply. 1.) Use the line drawing tool to show the effect of expectations of an increase in the future price level Properly label this line. 2.) Use the point drawing tool to show the new equilibrium price level and real GDP Label this point 'B' Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. Price level Po A Real GDP (Y) SRAS ADO