Concept explainers
3. The classical dichotomy and the neutrality of money
The classical dichotomy is the separation of real and nominal variables. The following questions test your understanding of this distinction.
Frances spends all of her money on magazines and mandarins. In 2015, she earned $15.00 per hour, the
Which of the following gives the nominal value of a variable? Check all that apply.
Frances's wage is 3 magazines per hour in 2015. |
The price of a mandarin is 0.6 magazines in 2015. |
Frances's wage is $15.00 per hour in 2015. |
Which of the following give the real value of a variable? Check all that apply.
Frances's wage is $15.00 per hour in 2015. |
The price of a magazine is $5.00 in 2015. |
Frances's wage is 5 mandarins per hour in 2015. |
Suppose that the Fed sharply increases the money supply between 2015 and 2020. In 2020, Frances's wage has risen to $30.00 per hour. The price of a magazine is $10.00 and the price of a mandarin is $6.00.
In 2020, the relative price of a magazine is __0.6 mandarins/ 0.6 mandarins/$6.00/ $10.00__ .
Between 2015 and 2020, the nominal value of Frances's wage _decreases/increases/ remains the same__ , and the real value of her wage _decreases/increases/ remains the same__ .
Monetary neutrality is the proposition that a change in the money supply _does not affect/ affects_nominal variables and_does not affect/ affects_ real variables.
Step by stepSolved in 7 steps with 1 images
- The following table gives the quantity of money demanded at various price levels (P), the money demand schedule. In the following table, fill in the column labeled Value of Money. Quantity of Money Demanded (Billions of dollars) Price Level (P) Value of Money (1/P) 0.80 1.25 1.00 1.00 1.33 0.75 2.00 0.50 2.0 2.5 4.0 8.0 Now consider the relationship between the quantity of money that people demand and the price level. The lower the price level, the less money required to complete transactions, and the less money people will want to hold in the form of currency or demand deposits. Assume that the Federal Reserve initially fixes the quantity of money supplied at $4 billion. Use the orange line (square symbol) to plot the initial money supply (MS₁) set by the Fed. Then, referring to the previous table, use the blue connected points (circle symbol) to graph the money demand curve. 2.00 1.75 1.50 0.75 0.50 0.25 ཱ་ཎྜ་ཉ་མ་༅་གླུ་སྒྲ་སྐྱ VALUE OF MONEY 1.25 Money Demand ° 1 2 3 4 5 B 7 QUANTITY…arrow_forwardConsider a simple economy that produces only pies. The following table contains information on the economy's money supply, velocity of money, price level, and output. For example, in 2018, the money supply was $360, the price of a pie was $4.50, and the economy produced 800 pies. Fill in the missing values in the following table, selecting the answers closest to the values you calculate. Quantity of Money (Dollars) Price Level (Dollars) Quantity of Output (Pies) Nominal GDP (Dollars) 360 4.50 800 378 800 Year 2018 2019 Velocity of Money The money supply grew at a rate of 2019 was 10 from 2018 to 2019. Since pie output did not change from 2018 to 2019 and the velocity of money the change in the money supply was reflected ▼in changes in the price level. The inflation rate from 2018 toarrow_forwardThe following table shows the quantity of money supplied and the quantity of money demanded for various interest rates. Interest Rate (Percent) Demand for Money (Billions of dollars) Supply of Money (Billions of dollars) 11 50 250 9 150 250 7 250 250 5 350 250 3 450 250 The following graph depicts the money supply curve in orange. On the graph, use the blue points (circle symbol) to graph the money demand, and the black point (plus symbol) to signify the initial equilibrium point in the market. Next, shift the money supply curve to show the affects of a $200 billion increase in the money supply. Then, plot the point corresponding to the new equilibrium point using the purple point (diamond symbol). 13 MS 12 11 10 INTEREST RATE (Percent) + 5 M 9 3 2 MS Money Demand Equilibrium Equilibrium,arrow_forward
- TOPIC: A possible break in the Note: everything you need will be in the picturearrow_forwardHomework (Ch 21) Consider a hypothetical economy in which households spend $0.50 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.50. The following graph shows the economy's initial aggregate demand curve (AD₁). Suppose the government increases its purchases by $3 billion. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the following graph to show the aggregate demand curve (AD2) after the multiplier effect takes place. Hint: Be sure the new aggregate demand curve (AD2) is parallel to AD₁. You can see the slope of AD₁ by selecting it on the following graph. PRICE LEVEL 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 100 AD1 102 112 104 106 108 110 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) 114 116 AD₂ AD 3arrow_forwardQ47 Which of the following is the definition for the real supply of money? Select one: a. the actual quantity of money, rather than the officially reported quantity. b. the stock of high powered money only. c. the ratio of the real GDP to the nominal money supply. d. the stock of money measured in terms of goods, not dollars.arrow_forward
- 21.According to the quantity theory of money, ultimate control over the rate of inflation in the United States is exercised by: A)the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). B)the U.S. Treasury. C)the Federal Reserve. D)private citizens. 22.According to the quantity theory of money, if money is growing at a 10 percent rate and real output is growing at a 3 percent rate, but velocity is growing at increasingly faster rates over time as a result of financial innovation, the rate of inflation must be: A)increasing. B)decreasing. C)7 percent. D)constant. 23.If the money supply increases 12 percent, velocity decreases 4 percent, and the price level increases 5 percent, then the change in real GDP must be ______ percent. A)3 B)4 C)9 D)11 24.Percentage change in P is approximately equal to the percentage change in: A)M. B)M minus percentage change in Y. C)M minus percentage change in Y plus percentage change in velocity. D)M minus…arrow_forwardhow might this change in interest rates and the supply of money affect the value of money? What happens in the circular-flow-diagram if borrowing money becomes expensive for businesses and consumers? What happens to employment?arrow_forwardCurrency in Circulation (October 2020) 40.5 billion Nigerian currency Reserves (October 2020) 34.2 billion Nigeriancurrency M1 (October 2020) 2,465.9 billion Nigeriancurrency M2 (October 2020) 2,638.8 billion Nigeriancurrency Calculate the size of the actual money (M2) multiplier in October 2020. Round your answer to one decimal place. Nigeria's central bank, N. Bank, has not set a required reserve ratio (you can treat the required reserve ratio as 0%). Calcuate the excess reserve ratio for Norway in October 2020. Enter your answer in percent form without the percent sign. Round to one decimal place.arrow_forward
- What is money? Explain the definition in terms of the functions of money?arrow_forwardWhat is money? What are the functions of money? What items may serve as money? Do you know of any other examples of money that is not currency or coins, in the US or other countries? Does money have to come from a government?arrow_forwardview picturearrow_forward
- Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSONEngineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
- Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education