3. Now for the citric acid cycle, it is time to follow the carbons! Using labeled pyruvate:14CH3¹³COCOO- trace the fate of that pyruvate ¹when added to respiring mitochondria.a.After one turn of the citric acid cycle what is the location of each labeled carbon? Showthis by drawing the structural formulas for the TCA intermediates.What is the consequence of the metabolism of succinate with respect to the labeled atoms?Cellular respiration can be studied in isolated mitochondria by measuring oxygenconsumption under different conditions. If 0.01 M sodium malonate is added to actively respiringmitochondria that are using pyruvate as fuel source, respiration soon stops, and a metabolicintermediate accumulates. What is the name and structure of this intermediate?Why does it accumulate? What is sodium malonate doing and how?b.C.d. (e. IExplain.Aside from removal of the malonate, how can this inhibition of respiration be overcome?

Citric acid cycle is a metabolic pathway that regenerates oxaloacetate from citrate. Acetyl CoA from…

Answered: 3. Now for the citric acid cycle, it is…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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4. As stated in your textbook, the first two reactions in glycolysis associated with unfavorable AG° values, i.e., AG° > 0, both produce a product with high phosphoryl group transfer potential. (ATP formation is not considered here.) Compare the two reactions and describe what the driving force is for both reactions that allows glycolysis to proceed to formation of pyruvate.
In oxidative phosphorylation (mark all that are true)... Choice 1 of 7:Succinate contributes 2e- to Complex II and 2H+ to the mitochondrial proton gradient. Choice 2 of 7:NADH in the matrix passes 2 e- to coenzyme Q via Complex I. Choice 3 of 7:Complexes I, II, III, and IV each contribute to the matrix proton gradient. Choice 4 of 7:O2 stabilizes the catalytically active conformation of Complex V. Choice 5 of 7:Reversible protonation of c subunits leads to rotation of the Complex V gamma subunit. Choice 6 of 7:Each β subunit can bind ATP tightly under the right conditions. Choice 7 of 7:For every 3 protons that pass across the inner mitochondrial membrane, 1 ATP is produced. Below are screenshots of the answer from two different sources (for your consideration)
27. Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle comprise two different sets of oxidation reactions. The reaction sequence for glycolysis is linear, whereas the reaction sequence for the citric acid cycle forms a circle. How does this difference in the arrangement of reactions influence the rate of these processes when an excess amount of a single intermediate is added?
4
Please explain step by step
8 In oxidative phosphorylation, a chemical agent that prevents the enzymatic activity of F1 would directly [1], whereas a chemical agent that inhibits interaction of ubiquinone with Fe-S centres would directly___[2]. Select one: 1 = Uncouple phosphorylation from electron transport; 2 = Inhibit ATP synthesis O b. 1 = Inhibit ATP synthesis; 2 = Uncouple phosphorylation from electron transport C. 1 = Inhibit electron transfer; 2 = Inhibit ATP synthesis d. 1 = Inhibit ATP synthesis; 2 = Inhibit electron transfer OOO Report question issue Note
2. Calculate the number of ATP molecules generated by the following net reactions of the citric acid cycle. Assume that all NADH and QH2 are oxidized to yield ATP, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, and the malate-aspartate shuttle is operating. (a) 1 pyruvate –3 CO2 (b) Citrate Oxaloacetate + 2 CO2
1- in comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration , something that is always different between the two processes is (a)the type of terminal electron acceptor used (b) the type of sugar that is used to start the process (c) whether chromosoms is used or not (d) the location where they occure in the cell (e) the type of glycolysis used 2- Which of the following is not a mechanism that bacteria use to exhibit resistence to antibiotices . (a) expressing membrane efflux pumps that remove the antibiotic from the bacterial cell (b)secreting protiens that can bind to antibiotics and disable them before they enter the cell (c)creating exclusion barrierrs that prevent the antibiotic from the entering the cell (d)changing bacterial targets (e)producing enzymes that destroy the antibiotic please give answer for both questions asap please
3. The free energy associated with the proton gradient that develops across the inner mitochondrial membrane as a result of the electron transport chain is 23.3 kJ per mole of protons. If FADH; is the only electron donor to the electron transport chain, how many moles of FADH2 would be required to produce a proton gradient in which exactly one mole of protons have been pumped across the membrane, assuming we start with no gradient? The standard reduction potential of FADH2 is +0.10 V, and that of O2 is +0.81 V. Select the closest value from the options below. A) 3 mol FADH2 C) 0.17 mol FADH2 B) 1 mol FADH2 D) 5.8 mol FADH2
1. If NADH were an allosteric regulator for citrate synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes step 1 of the citric acid cycle, would you expect high concentrations of NADH to tun this enzyme on or turn it off? Explain your reasoning.
4. The figure below shows ATP in the binding site of pyruvate kinase, an important enzyme in cellular respiration. Note that only amino acids involved in interactions in the binding site are shown. Lys His ATP NH ; afafafor OH OH qat Glu Tyr Asp a. What is the most likely chemical interaction occurring between the tyrosine and the ribose of ATP? b. List one mutation to the lysine (Lys) in the binding site that would likely result in the kinase NOT being able to bind ATP (state the change in amino acid, not in the DNA or mRNA). In one sentence, explain why this mutation would likely lead to this change. Be as specific as possible.
5. The keto acids of the TCA cycle are also the other substrates of the aminotransferase family. How does this family of enzymes play a role in maintaining the NAD re-oxidation of NADH to NAD during glycolysis? (Use the amino acids alanine, aspartate, and glutamate in your explanation)

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