Biology 2e
Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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**Question 3:**

If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is incubated with labeled pyruvate, labeled with carbon-13 at the carbonyl carbon atom (shown in red below), where would the label be found in glucose? Explain, including schemes of the reactions to support your answer.

**Diagram Explanation:**

The diagram shows a structural formula of pyruvate with the carbon-13 isotope label indicated in red at the carbonyl carbon:

- **Chemical Structure:**
  - Pyruvate is shown with a methyl group \((\text{CH}_3)\), a carbonyl group \((\text{13C}=O)\), and a carboxylate ion (\(\text{COO}^-\)).
  - The carbon-13, labeled in red, is part of the carbonyl group, which is the central carbon atom in the pyruvate structure.

When discussing the metabolic pathway, you should consider how gluconeogenesis incorporates this labeled carbon as pyruvate is converted into glucose, and which specific carbon in glucose will retain the label. Include reaction schemes of gluconeogenesis to illustrate the path and final position of the labeled carbon.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Transcription **Question 3:** If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is incubated with labeled pyruvate, labeled with carbon-13 at the carbonyl carbon atom (shown in red below), where would the label be found in glucose? Explain, including schemes of the reactions to support your answer. **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram shows a structural formula of pyruvate with the carbon-13 isotope label indicated in red at the carbonyl carbon: - **Chemical Structure:** - Pyruvate is shown with a methyl group \((\text{CH}_3)\), a carbonyl group \((\text{13C}=O)\), and a carboxylate ion (\(\text{COO}^-\)). - The carbon-13, labeled in red, is part of the carbonyl group, which is the central carbon atom in the pyruvate structure. When discussing the metabolic pathway, you should consider how gluconeogenesis incorporates this labeled carbon as pyruvate is converted into glucose, and which specific carbon in glucose will retain the label. Include reaction schemes of gluconeogenesis to illustrate the path and final position of the labeled carbon.
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