3. Double-stranded breaks are potentially lethal, unless they are repaired. 4. Repair systems in the cell correct the double-stranded breaks by joining bro- ken ends back together (see Chapter 16 for a detailed discussion of DNA repair). FIGURE 17-19 Each of the four types of chromosomal rearrangements can be produced by either of two basic mechanisms: chromosome breakage and rejoining or crossing over between repetitive DNA. Chromosome regions are numbered 1 through 10. Homologous 5. If the two ends of the same break are rejoined, the original DNA order is re- stored. If the ends of two different breaks are joined, however, one result is one or another type of chromosomal rearrangement. 6. The only chromosomal rearrangements that survive meiosis are those that produce DNA molecules that have one centromere and two telomeres. If a chromosomes are the same color. Origins of chromosomal rearrangements Breakage and rejoining Crossing over between repetitive DNA Deletion -3 2 Loss 32 4 Loss Deletion and duplication 3 4 23 23 4 Inversion ! 10 10 Translocation 10 6 2 Chromosome break - Joining of broken ends Repetitive DNA segments X Crossover

Q: What does an extra chromosome 16 mean?

A: Chromosomes, the physical carriers of genes, are the microscopic thread like structures in which the…

Q: In humans, chromosome 16 sometimes has a heavily stained area near the centromere. This feature can…

A: So, non disjunction of the chromosomes occurs in the condition when the homologous chromosomes fail…

Q: The Y chromosome contains large amounts of constitutive heterochromatin. Why might there be more…

A: Constitutive heterochromatin is generally found in the centromere regions and also, at the telomere…

Q: Why is the term “crossing-over” appropriate for the exchange of DNA segments between homologous…

A: Crossing over can be defined as the exchange of genetic material that occurs between the non-sister…

Q: Explain how it is possible for a person with a translocationor an inversion to be phenotypically…

A: Chromosomes are the condensed packaged structure of the genetic material of an organism. The…

Q: why The chromatids formed byrecombination within the inversion loop of a pericentric…

A: When the region between two breaks of the same chromosome rotate 180°, it results in chromosomal…

Q: Are forward and reverse primer are complementry to each other ?

A: Forward primers: Forward primers are one of the two types of primers used in a PCR setup. The main…

Q: Referring to Figure 17-19, draw a diagram showing the process whereby an inversion formed from…

A: An inversion is a type of chromosomal rearrangement in which a chromosomal segment is reversed end…

Q: What are parthenocarpic fruits? Also gives an example.

A: Parthenocarpy can be defined as the development of fruits without undergoing fertilization. The…

Q: The two telomeric loop structures are formed by invasion of the 3' single-strand overhang. Draw the…

A: The chromosomes of the eukaryotes end in telomeres, which consist of tandem repeats of a short…

Q: Why do you think there are no viable trisomies of chromosome 1?

A: Chromosome 1 is the largest chromosome in human. Approximately 8% of the total DNA is found in this…

Q: What is a Pericentric inversion?

A: The chromosomes are the thread like structure that contains hereditary information in the form of…

Q: What is the diagnostic test for linkage?

A: Chromosomes are the condensed form of DNA that carry all the genes.  Genes are represented in the…

Q: What are the chromosome configuration that will be observed at diakinesis in the following…

A: Chromosome are thread-like structures present inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes are made up…

Q: Explain the reason why a dicentric chromosome is unstable.

A: Chromosomes having two centromeres are said to be dicentric. The centromeres on chromosomes…

Q: chromosome of genotype   C D recombines with a homolog of genotype   c d during meiosis when Spo11…

A: * Given that chromosome of genotype  "CD"  recombines with a homologous of genotype  "cd" during…

Q: Why is the incidence of survivable genetic disorders involving deletions of parts of chromosomes so…

A: Deletions are the genetic aberrations or mutations in which a sequence of DNA or a segment of a…

Q: 14 13 1a 131 is a diagram of chromosome 17.

A: A chromosome is a long DNA molecule that contains part or all of an organism's genetic material.…

Q: A chromosome with the following gene order has a paracentric inversion of BCDE. A B C D E F • G H If…

A:

Q: What is pseudodominance and how is it produced by a chromosome deletion?

A: The expression of typically recessive transformation that is created when the dominant wild sort…

Q: Which chromosome rearrangements can cause deletions and duplications?

A: A chromosome is a thread like structure present in the nucleus of the cell. It contains the DNA and…

Q: why The chromatids formedby recombination within the inversion loop of a paracentric…

A: When the region between two breaks of the same chromosome rotates 180°, it results in chromosomal…

Q: what is Unequal crossing-over between duplications ?

A: Crossing over is the process during which the non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair of…

Q: What occurs during duplication chromosomal mutation?

A: Mutations are defined as sudden heritable change which alters the expression of a gene.

Q: With detailed accounts of their various forms, explain any three of the following chromosomal…

A: Mutations may be defined as the changes that occur in a DNA sequence. They are the raw materials for…

Q: Two phenotypically normal parents produce an abnormal son in which chromosome 14 is missing part of…

A: Translocations are chromosomal rearrangements caused by the exchange of components between two…

Q: 5) Cystic fibrosis is caused by a gene on chromosome 7 and results in the build-up of mucus in the…

A: Cystic fibrosis or (CF)- it is an inherited disorder that leads to severe damage to digestive…

Q: What is nonautonomous transposition?

A: Transposition refers to the translocation in which the segment of the chromosome is relocated…

Q: What is the rule of inversion?

A: Genes are the functional unit of heredity. The genes code for proteins which are vital for growth…

Q: In 1-2 sentences and in your own words, define the term recombination

A: Recombination in biology is an important word. It is required for creating variations in the gene.

Q: Assume that the Holliday junctions resolve so that there is no crossing over (that is, there is no…

A: For the maternal chromosome and paternal chromosome see below.

Q: Number of Asci MI or MII for ser? MI or MII for thr? Tetrad Type 1 ser thr ser thr ser+ thr+ ser+…

A:

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.