3-If the p-value of alkaline saponification of methylbenzoate is 2.38 and the rate constant for saponification of methylbenzoate under these conditions is 2x104 calculate the rate constant for hydrolysis of methyl-m-nitrobenzoate.
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- Rank the stability of the following sets of reaction intermediates and give an explanation for your answer.Two mechanisms are among those that have been postulated for decomposition of aryl diazonium salts in aqueous solution containing nucleophilic anions, A—:5-The hydrolysis of a series of ethyl benzoates by hydroxide ion in 85% aqueous ethanol has been investigated. A Hammett plot of the second order rate constants (Ku) gave a reaction constant p = 2.56. Calculate how much faster ethyl 4- nitrobenzoate will undergo base catalyzed hydrolysis compared to ethyl benzoate under similar conditions. ON 6-The PKa of p-chlorobenzoic acid is 3.98, and that of benzoic acid 4.19. Calculate o-value of p-chloro group.
- 9. (a) Under certain conditions, the reaction of 0.5 M 1-bromobutane with 1.0 M sodium methoxide forms 1-methoxybutane at a rate of 0.05 mol/L per second. What would be the rate if 0.1 M 1-bromobutane and 2.0 M NaOCH3 were used? (b) Consider the reaction of 1-bromobutane with a large excess of ammonia (NH3). Draw the reactants, the transition state, and the products. Note that the initial product is the salt of an amine (RNH* Br) which is deprotonated by the excess ammonia to give the amine. (c) Show another SN2 reaction using a different combination of an alkoxide and an alkyl bromide that also produces 1-methoxybutane.Choose from the options A-E and explain briefly by illustrations the chemistry behind each answer. Preamble: A reaction flask contains a 2-bromopentane in an ethanolic solution of sodium ethoxide at room temperature and results in the formation of two olefinic 1.All the following parameters would affect the rate and kinetics of the reaction exceptA.Solvent mediumB.Reaction temperatureC.Reaction timeD.Geometry and structure of the alkyl halideE.pH 2.What would be the major product when 2-iodopentane is involved in a dehydrohalogenation reaction? A.2-iodo-1-penteneB.2-penteneC.(E)-2-penteneD.(Z)-2-penteneE.Cis-2-penteneProvide the whole reaction mechanism (generation of electrophile, nucleophile, bond formation, bond breaking and movement of arrows) and the final product of the following reactions:
- Calculate the AH° for the following reaction step. What can you say regarding the pos- sibility of bromination at a vinylic hydrogen? CH,=CH, Br- → CH,=CH. HBrIf the rate of reaction of [0.1 M] sodium cyanide with [0.1 M] 2-bromo-2-methylpropane is 1.2 mole/second, what would be the effect on theoverall rate if the concentration of sodium cyanide is increased to [0.2 M] and the concentration of the alkyl bromide is decreased to [0.05 M]?Write the mechanism, as well as the structure of intermediate A and product B, for the following reaction.
- Chemistry (ii) Would you expect the rate of hydrolysis of methyl-p-fluorobenzoate (X = F) to be substantially greater than, significantly less than, or about the same as that of the unsubstituted compound; Ox (p-F) = 0.06? Give a short justification of your answer – calculations are unnecessary.Rank the following carboxylic acids derivatives based on their reactivity towards nucleophiles (1-most reactive - 4- least reactive), and describe the structural features you use to detrmine your ranking.In an SN2 reaction between 2-chlorobutane and iodide ion, what happens to the rate of the reaction if: (a) the concentration of 2-chlorobutane is doubled? (b) the concentration of iodide is doubled?
