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- Economics Which of the following statements is TRUE? I. In the face of a negative externality, a monopolistic market produces less than the socially optimal quantity of output. II. If public transport creates an external marginal benefit, the marginal social benefit of public transport services will always exceed their private marginal benefit. III. In unregulated markets, positive externalities create deadweight losses, but negative externalities do not. IV. In the face of a positive externality, a perfectly competitive market produces more than the socially optimal quantity of output. II and IV are correct II only is correct I and III are correct I and IV are correct Ensure that you provide an appropriate rationale for the answer provided included marking use of appropriate diagrams where possible.Question 1 of 20 Attempt 2 Monopolies exist because of barriers to entry, obstacles that prevent other firms from entering an industry and competing for market share. For each case, indicate which barrier to entry applies. a. Coca-Cola's vast market share in the soft drink market: Network externalities Brand loyalty Control of a resource Legal barrier b. China's control of the market for rare earths (a group of minerals used to produce electronics): Economies of scale Network externalities Control of a resource Brand loyalty O Legal barriertidterm Exam #2 Alternative Back to Assignment Attempts 3. Keep the Highest 3/4 S. Externalities - Definition and examples An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the wellbeing of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the Impact on the third party is adverse, it is called a extemality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good. Adjust one or both of the curves to reflect the presence of the externality. af the social cost of producing the good is not egual to the private cost, then you should drag the supply curve to reflecet the social costs of producing the good; simiarly, f the social value of producing the pood is not equal to the private value, then you should drag the demand curve to reflect the social value of consuming the good. Supply Demand…
- 1. If you were to graph a measure of pollution on one axis and a level of economic activity (such as the real gross domestic product per person) on the other, what type of relationship do you think you would find? How would you explain this relationship? 2. Think of an externality that arises in a college dorm. What market can you think of that would (or could) eliminate any inefficiencies from that externality?1. The U.S. economy and technology are two primary external environmental elements that drive a hypercompetitive environment. True False 2. The five forces model indicates that firms can produce above average returns for all of the following except: Group of answer choices a. all of the above are indicators of above-average returns b. by producing standardized goods or services at a cost below those of competitors c. when firms can study the external environment to identify an attractive industry d. by producing standardized goods or services which customers are willing to pay premium prices 3. Firms can increase competitive rivalry and build barriers to entry by forming joint ventures. Group of answer choices a. True b. False 4. Apple’s research and development function has the ability to produce innovative new products that are perceived as valuable in the marketplace. This is an example of Apple’s Group of answer choices a. A tangible resource b. core competency c. An intangible…In what sense do positive externalities cause the so-called "invisible hand" of the marketplace to "fail"? Select one: a. Such externalities lead to government intervention in markets, which exacerbates the problems associated with externalities. Ob. Such externalities eliminate "free-riding" c. In the absence of government intervention, markets with positive externalities often fail to produce the maximur total benefit to society, as measured by total surplus. d. Markets with positive externalities produce too much of the good or service in question.
- 9. Efficiency in the presence of externalities Parks confer many external benefits on society: open space, trees that reduce pollution, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of parks is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for parks (their private value), the supply of parks (the private cost of producing them), and the social value of parks, including both the private value and external benefits. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity. Supply (Private Cost) Market Equilibrium Socially Optimal Level Social Value Demand (Private Value) QUANTITY OF PARKS PRICE OF PARKS#3. When pollution (a negative externality) is created by firms, which of the following is NOT a valid way for the government to restore the social optimum? a. require firms to install pollution-abatement equipment b. require firms to change production techniques to reduce emissions c. levy a tax on the production of the good d. require firms to pay for the environmental damage they create e. offer a subsidy to firms to reduce their production costsWhat is true with market failure? A. the market becomes more efficient in allocating the resources to its best uses B. there is an overproduction of goods and services with positive externalities C. there is an underproduction of goods and services with negative externalities D. there is market concentration or less competition E. no correct answer
- QUESTION 6 Marco runs an organic cafe in the middle of an industrial office zone. He has a lot of customers with only 6 allocated car parking spaces for them. Often, his customers use the car parks designated for clients at Eloise's architectural studio nearby. 1. Marco's cafe does not produce any negative externalities. 2. Marco's cafe creates a negative externality for Eloise's architectural studio. 3. To be socially efficient, Marco needs to pay for more car spaces near his cafe. Which of the above statements are true: O Only 1 is true. O Only 2 is true. O Both 1 and 2 are true. O Both 2 and 3 are true. O All three are true. O O OPRICE OF CARS 1. Efficiency in the presence of externalities Cars impose many external costs on society: carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to air pollution, congestion on roadways, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of cars is not equal to the socially efficient quantity. The following graph shows the demand for cars (their marginal private benefit), the supply of cars (the marginal private cost of producing them), and the marginal social cost of cars, including both the marginal private cost and external costs. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially efficient quantity. Demand (MPB, MSB) QUANTITY OF CARS As a result, the market output is MSC + Market Output Socially Efficient Output Supply (MPC) the socially efficient output. (?) Which of the following policies could help the government achieve the socially efficient outcome? Check all that apply. ☐…Explain 'negative externalities,' defined in class as 'hidden costs' making the difference between the 'public market price' and the 'true price' of a product. Illustrate using an example of a product with a negative externality