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What are two differences between clamshell/beach markings and fatigue striations?

At operating stress of 420MPa, the number of cycles to fail a specimen is 65 cycles. At operating stress of 360MPa, the number of cycles to fail the specimen is 390 cycles, and at operating stress of 130MPa, the number of cycles to fail the specimen is 11,900 cycles. A test sequence as follows is designed: first, operating stress of 420MPa for 7 cycles, second, operating stress of 360MPa for 65 cycles, and third, operating stress of 130MPa for 325 cycles. Determine at what number of cycle and which operating stress level the specimen would be expected to fail if the above sequence is repeated.

A reciprocating type ball-on-disc tribometer was used to measure the tribological behaviour of the thermally sprayed cobalt oxide coatings against the alumina (Ø 6.35 mm) counterface. After wear testing at high temperatures, the area of the wear tracks was 300 μm² measured by a white light microscope. The following parameters were used for sliding wear testing. Parameters Applied load (N) Sliding velocity (cm/s) Test frequency (Hz) Track length (mm) Total sliding cycles Total sliding distance (m) Values 10 3.14 1 10 2500 50 Determine the wear volume in mm³ that was removed during the sliding process and the specific wear rate (mm³/N.m.).